Your IP: 38.107.179.230 United States Near: United States

Lookup IP Information

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next

Below is the list of all allocated IP address in 1.17.0.0 - 1.17.255.255 network range, sorted by latency.

Ercole Manfredi Manfredi as Lieutenant-Commander on the Royal Naval Scout Corps—Private Battalion of His Majesty, in the capacity of Naval Architect Personal information Nationality Italian / Thai Born 2 July 1883(1883-07-02) Turin, Italy Died 9 June 1973 (aged 89) Bangkok, Thailand Alma mater Accademia Albertina Work Practice Government of Siam Christiani & Nielsen (Siam) Ltd. The Impresitor Company Buildings Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (1908–15; collaboration, with special attention to the dome and roof) Mrigadayavan Palace (1923–24) Villa Norasingh (1923–25, collaboration, now Thai Khu Fa Building, Government House) Ercole Pietro Manfredi (2 July 1883 – 9 June 1973) was an Italian architect who worked and took up residence in early twentieth-century Siam (now Thailand). He was one of many Westerners employed by the Siamese Court during the turn of the century, and later assumed Thai citizenship, being known in Thai as Ekkarit Manfendi (เอกฤทธิ์ หมั่นเฟ้นดี). His works include various royal residences and public institutions, ranging in style from Venetian Gothic to modernist, and incorporated Thai traditional styles as well. He contributed to much of Bangkok's architectural heritage, but no complete records of his works were kept. Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Personal life 4 Works 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Sculpture 4.3 Painting 4.4 Other works 5 Notes 6 References // Early life Ercole Pietro Manfredi was born on 2 July 1883 in Turin, Italy to Luigi Manfredi and Caterina Bo. He was educated at Lagrange Royal Technical School from 1894 and San Carlo Technical School from 1898 to 1899. At the age of sixteen, he was admitted into the Albertina Academy of Fine Arts, where during his study he received first prize in architecture, design, perspective and painting. He continued onto the Higher Course in Architecture after receiving a diploma in 1907, and during this time also worked for the city's Public and Municipal Works Department, where he supervised constructions and patented an earthquake engineering system. In 1909, he graduated with High Qualification as painter and architect, receiving a gold medal first prize in addition to fifteen other prizes won during his studies.[1] Career In 1909, Manfredi was selected by the academy to fulfil a request from the government of Siam (now Thailand) for an architect in the Ministry of Public Works, and so set sail for Bangkok from Genoa near the end of the year. Arriving in Bangkok on 1 December, he was placed under the Architectural Section of the ministry, working under engineer-in-chief Carlo Allegri and Minister Prince Naresra Varariddhi. He collaborated with many Italian architects employed by the government, including Mario Tamagno, who was chief architect of the department, and others involved in the construction of Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, of which Manfredi took main responsibility for the laying of the domed roof. Many of these architects were in fact also from Turin or alumni of Albertina.[2] In 1912 Manfredi was promoted to work in the Ministry of Royal Household, where he worked closely with King Vajiravudh. He was promoted to Chief Architect and third court officer in 1917, and first court officer in 1921. He also collaborated closely with Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs. In 1920 he was appointed naval architect in the Royal Naval Scout Corps (the king's private battalion, part of the Wild Tiger Corps) and held the rank of lieutenant-commander. He became Chief Architect of the Archaeological Section of the Royal Institute in 1926. During his service to the government, he was decorated with the Order of the Crown of Siam (commander, 1913), the Dushdi Mala Medal for artistic merit (1915), the Order of the White Elephant (commander, 1920) and was awarded the gold medal at the Bangkok Fine Arts Exhibition in 1917.[3] In 1930, during the period of political turmoil leading up to the abolition of absolute monarchy in the Siamese Revolution of 1932, Manfredi retired from government office to pursue, for a while, archaeological studies as assistant to the French archaeologist George Coedes. He then continued his work as architect privately, cooperating with Christiani & Nielsen (Siam) Ltd. from 1934 to 1936 and the Impresitor Company from 1937 to 1938.[4][5] In 1939, Manfredi became a lecturer at the Faculty of Architecture of Chulalongkorn University, where he taught for eight years. He also served as a lecturer in the Signalling Division of the Royal Thai Navy from 1944 to 1950, before retiring from public life.[6] Personal life In Siam, Manfredi took to adopting the local culture and way of life. He dressed and ate like a Thai, mingled with Thai friends and used an abacus to calculate. His government contract had required him "to be able within one year to converse in Siamese in a tolerable way," but he went further and became fluent in both the spoken and written language.[4][7] Manfredi married a Thai wife, Thongmuan (ทองม้วน), with Buddhist rites in 1913. They had two daughters, and lived together in what he described as "years of paradise". He left the country only twice, in 1925 and 1928, to represent Siam at second and third International Book Fair in Florence.[6] Following the revolution of 1932, rising nationalistic sentiments resulted in a large decline in the role and numbers of Westerners working for the government. Manfredi was one of the few who remained in Thailand. By adopting a Thai identity (he was known in Thai as Ekkarit Manfendi (เอกฤทธิ์ หมั่นเฟ้นดี) and received Thai nationality on 29 November 1943), like Corrado Feroci, he remained a relevant and respected figure in the Thai field of architecture.[8] Manfredi was involved in various humanitarian and cultural organisations. He was a member of the Siam Red Cross, the Italian Red Cross, the Siam Teachers' Association, the Automobile Club of Siam, and the Alliance française. He also maintained links with his Italian roots, as seen from his membership in the Dante Alighieri Society, the Colonial Italian Institute and the Italian Touring Club. He was also selected as a member correspondent of the Italian Book Institute of Florence in 1929.[3] Manfredi has been described as rather eccentric for a foreigner in Siam at the time. In an interview, his daughter Maly Manfredi remarked that "he was an 'odd number', as they say in Turin" and told of how "as court architect, he used to fly into a rage at the suppliers' gifts." He was also noted to be impulsive and stubborn, often ignoring his wife's well-given advice in order to do what he wanted, including leaving his official post to pursue archaeology. As Maly noted, "Papa needed a big organisation to discipline him, like the Court or Chulalongkorn University."[9] At the age of seventy-five, Manfredi realised his dream project of building a boat, which he had to sell his entire collection of Siamese art to finance. The craft was named Mammino, and he used it mostly for pleasure cruises to Pattaya.[10][11] Manfredi lived in Thailand up until his death on 9 June 1973. He and his wife (who died six years later) were interred at the Christian cemetery at Ban Pong, Ratchaburi.[12] Works Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall Manfredi contributed to many of Bangkok's architectural works, and produced works in other domains as well. However, he did not keep a record of his contributions, and his employment by the government means that many of his designs were not attributed. He had also worked as an architect during his time in Turin, but the short period of time contributed only a minority of his accomplishments.[12] Architecture Manfredi's architectural works involve both Thai and Western designs, which he adapted and developed to suit the local tradition.[13] The more notable of these consist of royal palaces and villas; he also designed buildings for various public institutions. The following is a list of works attributable to him. Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (1908–15): Manfredi collaborated with other Italian architects in the construction of the building, designed in the Italian Renaissance and neoclassical styles and modelled in part after the Basilica of Superga. Construction had already begun when Manfredi arrived in Siam, and he was mainly responsible for the dome and the roof. "Much of that copper covering the Hall, I put on with my own hands," he said in an interview with the Bangkok Post in 1967. He also contributed to the decorations and was responsible for later work on the building's foundations.[14][15] Mrigadayavan Palace Thai Khu Fa Building of the Government House, formerly Villa Norasingh Mrigadayavan Palace (1923–24): Manfredi acted as the chief architect for King Vajiravudh's seaside villa in Cha Am, and was in charge of its construction. With designs sketched by the king and realised by Manfredi, the palace, consisting of sixteen buildings, incorporates the Thai manner of elevated buildings with Western style and details.[13][16][17] Villa Norasingh (1923–25), now Thai Khu Fa Building of the Government House: The building, built mainly in the Venetian Gothic style and the façade in parts resembling Venice's Ca' d'Oro, is not officially attributed to Manfredi, but he was involved in its construction, according to a 1967 interview: "I built it in the Venetian style because I thought that Bangkok was the Venice of the East. Now I am so ashamed of it. It is not just right for this clima."[18] Chemistry Building, Chulalongkorn University, c.1939 Manfredi Residence (1935) and Asawin Villa (c.1930s): These buildings, designed with influences from the Bauhaus school, are among Thailand's first modernist buildings.[5] The International style would later be widely adopted in the design of public and educational institutions, including Manfredi's designs for the Rajvithi School of Nursing (c.1930s) and the Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Dentistry (1939).[19] Influences by the neoplastic (De Stijl) movement are seen in his designs for Triam Udom Suksa School (1934–1940).[20] He also designed Chulalongkorn University's Faculty of Fine Arts building, as well as the Chemistry and Physics buildings of the Faculty of Science.[18] Other contributions by Manfredi include: Chakrabongse House (1909–1910, residence of Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath on Maha Rat Road, with Edward Healey),[21] Maliwan Mansion (1917, residence of Prince Naresra Varariddhi, currently the FAO's regional office),[22] Pibultham Villa (c.1920, residence of M.R. Pum Malakul, the Minister of Royal Household),[23] Sa Pathum Palace, the main building of Silpakorn University, renovation of the Borom Phiman Hall and modification of the ceiling of Dusit Mahaprasad Hall in the Grand Palace, Chitralada Palace (bridge and gate houses at official entrance), the residence of the director of the Bank of Indochina on Sathon Road, and restoration of the Bang Pa-in Palace.[24] Sculpture Statue of Ya-Le at Sanam Chandra Palace Manfredi did not specialise in sculpture, but two works of sculpture by him are known: the marble guardian lions at Wat Benchamabophit and the statue of Ya-Le, King Vajiravudh's beloved dog, at Sanam Chandra Palace.[18][25] Painting Having focused on painting early in his studies, Manfredi produced many painted works, but was not well known for them. Most of his paintings have been dispersed; he sometimes gave them freely to friends and sold most of his possessions late in life. His known painting works include: the interior decoration of the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (most of the work, however, was done by Galileo Chini); interior wall and ceiling designs (1912, presented to King Vajiravudh); interior of the Borom Phiman Hall (1917, in cooperation with Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs and Carlo Rigoli); portraits on ivory of King Vajiravudh and the Queen (part of a collection of miniature portraits on ivory); and a watercolour of the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (8 January 1920, probably as a present to King Vajiravudh, currently displayed in Sukhothai Palace).[26] Other works Manfredi designed scenes and costumes to be used in King Vajiravudh's theatrical plays, most notably that of the king's Thai adaptation of The Merchant of Venice. Manfredi did not limit his contributions to the arts, as seen from his life-long dream of building a boat. He improved on the mechanics involved in the royal funeral procession and presumably contributed his technical skills in other times as well; he was also particularly interested in developing an irrigation system for the country.[10] Notes ^ Bressan, pp. 1–2 ^ Bressan, p. 2 ^ a b Bressan, pp. 3–4 ^ a b Bressan, p. 4 ^ a b Noobanjong, p. 354 ^ a b Bressan, p. 3 ^ De Lazara et al, pp. 119–120 ^ Noobanjong, pp. 247–249 ^ De Lazara et al, pp. 117, 121–122 ^ a b Bressan, p. 9 ^ De Lazara et al, pp. 117–118 ^ a b Bressan, p. 5 ^ a b Bressan, p. 6 ^ Bressan, pp. 1, 6 ^ De Lazara et al, p. 122 ^ Architectural Conservation Award: Maruekhathayawan Palace, Association of Siamese Architects, http://www.asa.or.th/heritage/mid023.html, retrieved 2008-02-16 . ^ Noobanjong, pp. 218–220 ^ a b c Bressan, p. 7 ^ Noobanjong, pp. 361–362 ^ Noobanjong, p. 362 ^ Architectural Conservation Award: Chakrabongse House, Association of Siamese Architects, http://www.asa.or.th/heritage/bkk051.html, retrieved 2008-02-16 . ^ RAP Library, Food and Agriculture Organization, http://www.fao.org/world/regional/rap/rap_library.asp, retrieved 2009-02-18 . ^ Malakul na Ayudhya, Pang, บ้านพิบูลธรรม (นนที) (Phibultham Villa), pangmalakul.com, http://www.pangmalakul.com/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1-%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5/, retrieved 2010-02-13 . ^ Bressan, pp. 6–7 ^ Architectural Conservation Award: Phra Tamnak Chalimongkhon-at, Association of Siamese Architects, http://www.asa.or.th/heritage/mid012.html, retrieved 2008-02-16 . ^ Bressan, p. 8 References Amranand, Amitha (4 August 2007), "Memories of History", Bangkok Post . Bressan, Luigi (1997), "Ercole Manfredi: One of the great architects of Bangkok (1883–1973)", Italian-Thai studies from the nineteenth century to present, Bangkok: Silpakorn University . De Lazara, Leopoldo Ferri; Piazza, Paolo; Cassio, Alberto (1992), Italiani alla corte del siam–Italians at the court of Siam–ชาวอิตาเลียนในราชสำนักไทย, Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing (published 1996), ISBN 978-9748364605 . Noobanjong, Koompong (2003), Power, Identity, and the Rise of Modern Architecture: From Siam to Thailand, USA: Universal Publishers, ISBN 9781581122015 . Persondata NAME Manfredi, Ercole ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 2 July 1883 PLACE OF BIRTH Turin, Italy DATE OF DEATH 9 June 1973 PLACE OF DEATH Bangkok, Thailand