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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009) A goal umpire signalling a goal with two white flags, and a Boundary umpire. An umpire is an official in the sport of Australian rules football. Contents 1 Origins 2 Types 3 Modern umpiring and the AFL 4 Attire 5 References 6 See also // Origins Statue of Tom Wills umpiring one of the earliest recorded match of Australian rules football Unlike many other codes of football, where the official is called a referee, in Australian Football, the officials borrow their title from the game of cricket, which is played on the same types of fields and was an important aspect in the origin of the code (umpires sometimes officiated both sports in the early days of the game). Tom Wills was the earliest known umpire of a football match in Australia. At first the captains of both teams shared the duty of officiating games, however as the game became more professional in the 1880s, umpires became an important aspect of the game. Types There are four different types of umpires and one type of steward in a typical game of Australian Football: Field umpire - (equivalent of a referee in many other games, and sometimes referred to derogatorily by fans as white maggot - see below) There are typically three at professional level (Australian Football League, as introduced in 1993, the AFL has trialled four umpires in the pre-season cup)) and one or two at amateur and semi-professional level. Field umpires are generally responsible for doing a bounce down and ball-up during stoppages, awarding free kicks and fifty metre penalties, and reporting players. Boundary umpire - (equivalent of a linesman in many other games) There are four boundary umpires, two on each side of the field - having half each. The responsibility of boundary umpires is to determine if the ball has left the field of play, in which case they may throw the ball back in to play (a throw in) if it touches the ground first, or advise the field umpire if the ball went out on the full (to award a free kick to the opposition team). Boundary umpires also return the ball to the umpire in the centre circle to recommence play. Goal umpire - One at each end of the field; two goal umpires at each end have been suggested and trialled at times to reduce errors of judgement. The goal umpires are the official score keepers who signal goals and behinds and work in tandem with the boundary umpires when the ball goes out of play near the goal posts. Goal umpires signal scores either by raising their arms in front of them at waist height, using one for a behind and two for a goal. After a score, the goal umpires at both ends wave flags to confirm the score. After each quarter, the umpires check their scores, and if they agree with the score on the board, they wave their flags to the timekeepers. Goal umpires traditionally wore a white suit and coat. Emergency umpire - used as a replacement if an umpire is injured. Monitors the play from the bench for behind the play incidents and will enter the field if required to break upscuffles and fights between players and enforce the blood rule. Like field umpires, they have the ability to report (or sometimes eject) players. Oversees other officials, such as club runners, and interchanging of players. Interchange stewards - although they are not officially an umpire, there are two of these at a match. They oversee the interchanging of players, and make sure no more than 18 players per team are on the field at any one time; they report to the emergency umpire to allow free kicks and fifty metre penalties to the opposite team if a team has more than 18 players on the field. Multi-tasking - in 2006 and 2007 the AFL trialled allowing goal and boundary umpires pay free-kicks when they observe an obvious offence that isn't seen by a field umpire.[1][2] Modern umpiring and the AFL The game of Australian rules contains many "grey areas" where application of the rules is subject to interpretation, making the job of field umpires extremely difficult. The instigation of new rules by the AFL in recent years, also contributes to the amount of work needed for umpires to maintain their skills and knowledge of the game. The umpires' director for the AFL is Jeff Gieschen, responsible for setting precedents for other affiliated leagues around the world. Attire AFL umpires traditionally wore all-white uniforms, which resulted in spectators using the phrase "white maggot" as a part of typical umpire abuse (e.g. "Open your eyes, you white maggot!").[3] In modern football (since about 2003), AFL umpires have worn different coloured uniforms depending on which teams are playing, thereby avoiding potential clashes between similar jersey colours (referred to as "jumper clashes"). Despite this, the phrase "white maggot" is still used colloquially to both refer to and abuse AFL umpires. Occasionally, it is also jocularly modified to be "yellow maggot", "red maggot" or "green maggot", depending on the colour of the uniform that the umpire is wearing on that particular day. References ^ "AFL defends umpire intervention trial". The Age. 9 March 2006. http://www.theage.com.au/news/Sport/AFL-defends-umpire-intervention-trial/2006/03/09/1141701632723.html. Retrieved 2009-04-01.  ^ "AFL umpire trial goes off without hitch". The Age. 25 February 2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/Sport/AFL-umpire-trial-goes-off-without-hitch/2007/02/25/1172338473059.html. Retrieved 2009-04-01.  ^ Footy moots 'white maggot' ban, Sunday Telegraph, 27 April 2007 See also List of Australian rules football umpires List of umpire associations in Australia