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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009) An example of a mouthguard used in the treatment of bruxism A mouthguard (also known as a mouth protector, mouth piece or gumshield) is a protective device for the mouth that covers the teeth and gums to prevent and reduce injury to the teeth, arches, lips and gums. Mouthguards are most often used to prevent injury in contact sports, as a treatment for bruxism or TMD, or as part of certain dental procedures, such as tooth bleaching. Contents 1 History 2 Uses 2.1 Sports 2.2 Medical 3 Types of mouthguards 3.1 Stock or ready made 3.2 Mouth adapted or "boil and bite" 3.3 Custom made 4 References // History An early mouthguard was developed in 1890 by Woolf Krauze, a London dentist to protect boxers from lip cuts and lacerations. The modern mouthguard design started from the work in the 1970s done by Dr. A. W. S. Wood, a Canadian pediatric dentist who was aiming to reduce and prevent harm injuries to children's teeth in hockey games.[1] Uses Sports Mouthguards are used in sports where deliberate or accidental impacts to the face and jaw may cause harm. Such impacts may occur in many sports including: baseball, boxing, martial arts, rugby, wrestling, football, American football, Australian football, lacrosse, basketball, figure skating, hockey, underwater hockey, Field Hockey water polo, skiing, and snowboarding. Mouthguards may also prevent or reduce harm levels of concussion in the event of an injury to the jaw.[2][3] In many sports, the rules of the sport make their use compulsory,[4] or local health laws demand them. Schools also often have rules requiring their use.[5] Medical Mouthguards may be used as splints to treat temporomandibular joint disorder and bruxism. A thin acrylic mouthguard appliance is often used during tooth bleaching. It might even be used to straighten your teeth (Invisalign). Types of mouthguards Stock or ready made Manufactured in a pre-formed shape in various sizes but with nearly no adjustment to fit the user's mouth. The only adjustment possible is minor trimming with a knife or scissors. Mouth adapted or "boil and bite" A thermo-plastic material manufactured in a pre-formed shape in various sizes that can be adapted to fit more closely to an individual's teeth and gums by heating and molding such as boiling then placing in the mouth. Some are now available that incorporate special fins within the fitting zones which increase retention and give an improved fit over tradition boil and bite mouth types. Guards are usually made of Ethylene-vinyl acetate[1][2]. Custom made An impression of the users teeth is used by specialist manufacturers to create a best-fit mouth protector. The impression may be obtained by specifically designed Home Impression kit from the guard manufacturer that uses dental putty, or from a dentist who will take an upper impression in dental alginate material.In Europe, the guard must be sold with a CE mark and the guard must have passed an EC Type-Examination test, performed by an accredited European Notified Body. Applying a CE mark without such certification is a criminal offence. References ^ Member of the Order of Canada for Dr Art Wood ^ NZ Dental Association advice ^ "Do mouthguards prevent concussion?" ^ "...mouthguards became compulsory in 1997..." ^ "...mouthguards will be mandatory for all basketball and wrestling teams in the middle and upper schools...."