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Moyobamba (Spanish pronunciation: [moʝoˈβamba]) is a city and capital of the San Martín Region in northern Peru. There are 50,000 inhabitants, according to the 2009 estimation. Some 3,500 species of orchid are native to the area, which has led to the city's nickname of The City of Orchids. The city is the capital of both Moyobamba Province and Moyobamba District. The name Moyobamba derives from the Quechua word "mocllopampa" meaning "moving plain". It is linked by road with Tarapoto to the southeast, Rioja to the west and Bagua to the northwest. Roads connect Moyobamba to the Pacific coast by way of Bagua and Olmos to the north and Cajamarca to the southwest. Contents 1 History 2 Nature 3 Demography 4 Economy 5 San Juan Festival 6 External links // History Coat of Arms of Moyobamba The first colonies were from the Chahcapoyas culture, but it was not yet until the city was established by Juan Pérez de Guevara on 25 July 1540, who named it Santiago de los Ocho Valles de Moyobamba (Santiago of the eight Moyobamba Valleys). It was founded on the site of an Inca settlement and was the first city founded by the Spanish in the Peruvian Amazon. It is the second oldest Spanish town east of the Andes. During the Conquista, Moyobamba was a base from which incursions were made into the surrounding areas. The city was the seat of the first religious missionaries established in the region. The Church used the city as a base, where it began the task of converting the natives to Christianity. It was an important commercial centre during the colonial era (1533–1821) and it was given city status in 1857. The historic "Puerto de Tahuishco" was once a vibrant port along the Mayo River, but has since become one of the last waning vestiges of the river trade route. On 7 June 1897, Moyobamba was made the capital of the Loreto Region. On 4 September 1906, it became the capital of the San Martín Region. It was named the seat of the Territorial Prelature of Moyobamba in 1948. On 25 September 2005, Moyobamba was affected by the 2005 northern Peru earthquake. Nature Coryanthes macrantha Moyobamba is famous for its large number of native Orchids The city sits on a bluff overlooking the Mayo River, at 2,820 feet (860 m) above sea level, in the humid, tropical region known as the Ceja de selva. Native Orchids are the most famous of the Moyobamba flora. The surrounding area consists of rivers, caves, waterfalls, hot springs and lakes. These include the Tioyacu River and the subterranean river in the cave of the Huacharos (Cueva de los Huacharos), the natural hot springs at San Mateo, the Laguna Azul lake, the Ahuashiyacu and the Gera waterfalls. Demography The demographic situation in Moyobamba, is not like that of other Peru regions, there are a real mixed of cultures and people, of different origins. The caucasic group, especially descendants of people from Spain and Italy with other small group of people descendant of armenians, serbs, germans, poles, jews and togheter the 70% of the population; the called, "mixed people" (amerindian with caucasian)form the 25% of total population. Other 5% of population is group of chinese, japanese, quechua and other amerindians (amazonian groups), and people of black origins. One small group people, descendants of armenians, jews and germans have the higher education and economic rate in the city; many of their members emigrated Moyobamba outside, and are very active in politics, economy, trade and education in largest cities of Peru (like Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa, Ica and Chiclayo). Economy Moyobamba is the centre of a large agricultural region and one of the major trading centers for the Aguaruna Native Communities, which inhabit the surrounding valley known as the Upper Mayo River Valley. The most lucrative crops grown in the region include rice, coffee and corn. Cotton, sugarcane, tobacco and cocoa are also produced. Alcohol, liquor, wines, and straw hats are produced in the city. Hot springs, gold, and some petroleum are found nearby. After the slow demise of its airport, this regional capital began to fall behind the faster-developing Tarapoto, a neighboring city further down-river. Farmers and regional government workers often clash in a geopolitical battle over local control and access to outside markets. San Juan Festival "Moyobambinos" (residents of Moyobamba) celebrate the region's patron saint (San Juan - Saint John) every 24 June. Locals celebrate with traditional dances and dishes, most notably Juane, a dish that is meant to resemble the head of John the Baptist on a platter before Herod Antipas. It is made by stuffing a ball of sticky green rice with chicken and wrapping it in bijao (Heliconia bihai) leaves for cooking. Then, celebrants dance the "Pandilla" around wooden poles dug into the ground before chopping them down with an axe and collecting the treasures from the top. External links http://www.munimoyobamba.gob.pe/ - Official Website of Moyobamba's government. Moyobamba travel guide from Wikitravel http://www.moyobamba.net/index.htm - Website primarily in Spanish http://www.tinganaperu.com/ - Ecological reserve of the Alto Mayo http://www.moyobambaperu.com/galeria/ - gallery of images Website primarily in Spanish http://www.yantalo.org/ - Yantalo Foundation requests volunteers and donors for the Adelina Soplin Clinic in the town of Yantalo Coordinates: 6°02′S 76°58′W / 6.033°S 76.967°W / -6.033; -76.967