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Money cowry Monetaria moneta Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda (unranked): clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha Superfamily: Cypraeoidea Family: Cypraeidae Genus: Monetaria Species: M. moneta Binomial name Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms[1] [2] Monetaria monetacongo Gmelin, J.F., 1791 Cypraea moneta Linnaeus, 1758 (basionym) Cypraea numisma Röding, P.F., 1798 Cypraea gibbosa Schröter, J.S., 1804 Cypraea marginata Kiesenwetter, 1872 Monetaria ethnographica Rochebrune, A.-T. de, 1884 Monetaria mercatorium Rochebrune, A.-T. de, 1884 Monetaria pleuronectes Rochebrune, A.-T. de, 1884 Monetaria vestimenti Rochebrune, A.-T. de, 1884 Monetaria chionella Sulliotti, G.R., 1924 Monetaria britannica Schilder, F.A., 1927 Monetaria candida Dautzenberg, Ph. & J.L. Bouge, 1933 Monetaria circumvallata Schilder, F.A. & M. Schilder, 1933 Monetaria ethnographica circumvallata Schilder, F.A. & M. Schilder, 1933 Monetaria moneta subalata (f) Schilder, F.A. & M. Schilder, 1933 Monetaria isomeres Iredale, T., 1939 Erosaria monetoides Iredale, T., 1939 Monetaria moneta endua Steadman, W.R. & B.C. Cotton, 1943 Monetaria moneta erua Steadman, W.R. & B.C. Cotton, 1943 Monetaria moneta etolu Steadman, W.R. & B.C. Cotton, 1943 Cypraea annulifera Coen, G.S., 1949 Monetaria bulgarica Kojumdgieva, E., 1960 Monetaria moneta, commonly known as the money cowry, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. [1] The species is called money cowry because the shells were historically widely used in many Pacific and Indian Ocean countries as a form of exchange[3] before coinage was in common usage. It is still used in divination rituals by some tropical African animist tribes.[3] Contents 1 Subspecies and formae 2 Distribution 3 Habitat 4 Shell description 5 Human uses 6 References 7 External links // Subspecies and formae Monetaria moneta barthelemyi (f) Bernardi, M., 1861 [4] Monetaria moneta erosaformis (f) [5] Monetaria moneta harrisi (f) Iredale, T., 1939 [6] Monetaria moneta icterina (f) Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1810 [7] Monetaria moneta rhomboides (f) Schilder, F.A. & M. Schilder, 1933 [8] Monetaria moneta tuberculosa (f) Quoy, J.R.C. & J.P. Gaimard, 1834 [9] Distribution A distribution map of Monetaria moneta This is a very common species which is found widely in Indo-Pacific tropical waters. It is present in numerous regions, including East and South Africa, Madagascar, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, eastern Polynesia, Galapagos, Clipperton and Cocos islands off Central America, southern Japan, Midway and Hawaii, and northern New South Wales and Lord Howe Island.[3] Habitat An individual of Monetaria moneta in situ, with its mantle completely expanded. This cowry lives in intertidal rocky areas and shallow tide pools among sea weed, coral remains and empy bivalve shells[3]. It can be found on and under rocks in shallow water and on exposed reefs at low tide. Like all cowries, it feeds on algae and marine vegetation growing on loose rocks and pieces of dead coral. Shell description Dorsal view of the shell of Monetaria moneta The shell is small (30 to 45 mm long[3]). It is white to straw-colored, and sometimes has a gold-colored ring around the dorsal area similar to the gold ring found on the shell of Cypraea annulus (gold ringed cowry). Human uses Shells of this cowry were commonly used as a medium of exchange in many tropical areas of Africa, Asia and the Pacific islands until the late 19th century. The shell continues to be popular today in jewelry and for decoration of such items as baskets and wall hangings. References ^ a b WoRMS : Monetaria moneta; accessed : 20 October 2010 ^ Gastropods.com : Monetaria moneta; accessed : 20 October 2010 ^ a b c d e Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods in: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Rome, FAO, 1998. page 503. ^ Gastropods.com : Monetaria moneta barthelemyi; accessed : 20 October 2010 ^ Gastropods.com : Monetaria moneta erosaformis; assessed : 20 October 2010 ^ Gastropods.com : Monetaria moneta harrisi; accessed : 20 October 2010 ^ gastropods.com : Monetaria moneta icterina; accessed : 20 October 2010 ^ Gastropods.com : Monetaria moneta rhomboides; accessed : 20 October 2010 ^ Gastropods.com : Monetaria moneta tuberculosa; accessed : 20 October 2010 Verdcourt, B. (1954). The cowries of the East African Coast (Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar and Pemba). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 22(4) 96: 129-144, 17 pls. External links On-line articles with Cypraea moneta in the HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS (1960-1994) cypraea moneta More habitat info Shell money