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37th United States Congress United States Capitol (1860) Duration: March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1863 President of the Senate: Hannibal Hamlin President pro tempore: Solomon Foot Speaker of the House: Galusha A. Grow Members: 50 Senators 183 Representatives 7 Non-voting members Senate Majority: Republican House Majority: Republican Sessions Special: March 4, 1861 – March 28, 1861 1st: July 4, 1861 – August 6, 1861 2nd: December 2, 1861 – July 17, 1862 3rd: December 1, 1862 – March 4, 1863 <36th 38th> The Thirty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1861 to March 4, 1863, during the first two years of Abraham Lincoln's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Republican majority. Contents 1 Major events 2 Major legislation 3 States admitted and seceded and Territories organized 3.1 States admitted 3.2 Territories organized 3.3 Territories extended 3.4 Secession 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.1.1 Alabama 6.1.2 Arkansas 6.1.3 California 6.1.4 Connecticut 6.1.5 Delaware 6.1.6 Florida 6.1.7 Georgia 6.1.8 Illinois 6.1.9 Indiana 6.1.10 Iowa 6.1.11 Kansas 6.1.12 Kentucky 6.1.13 Louisiana 6.1.14 Maine 6.1.15 Maryland 6.1.16 Massachusetts 6.1.17 Michigan 6.1.18 Minnesota 6.1.19 Mississippi 6.1.20 Missouri 6.1.21 New Hampshire 6.1.22 New Jersey 6.1.23 New York 6.1.24 North Carolina 6.1.25 Ohio 6.1.26 Oregon 6.1.27 Pennsylvania 6.1.28 Rhode Island 6.1.29 South Carolina 6.1.30 Tennessee 6.1.31 Texas 6.1.32 Vermont 6.1.33 Virginia 6.1.34 Wisconsin 6.2 House of Representatives 6.2.1 Alabama 6.2.2 Arkansas 6.2.3 California 6.2.4 Connecticut 6.2.5 Delaware 6.2.6 Florida 6.2.7 Georgia 6.2.8 Illinois 6.2.9 Indiana 6.2.10 Iowa 6.2.11 Kansas 6.2.12 Kentucky 6.2.13 Louisiana 6.2.14 Maine 6.2.15 Maryland 6.2.16 Massachusetts 6.2.17 Michigan 6.2.18 Minnesota 6.2.19 Mississippi 6.2.20 Missouri 6.2.21 New Hampshire 6.2.22 New Jersey 6.2.23 New York 6.2.24 North Carolina 6.2.25 Ohio 6.2.26 Oregon 6.2.27 Pennsylvania 6.2.28 Rhode Island 6.2.29 South Carolina 6.2.30 Tennessee 6.2.31 Texas 6.2.32 Vermont 6.2.33 Virginia 6.2.34 Wisconsin 6.2.35 Non-voting members 7 Changes in membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Committees 8.1 Senate 8.1.1 Foreign Relations 8.1.2 Finance 8.1.3 Commerce 8.1.4 Military Affairs and Militia 8.1.5 Naval Affairs 8.1.6 Judiciary 8.1.7 Post Offices and Post Roads 8.1.8 Public Lands 8.1.9 Private Land Claims 8.1.10 Indian Affairs 8.1.11 Pensions 8.1.12 Revolutionary Claims 8.1.13 Claims 8.1.14 District of Columbia 8.1.15 Patents and Patent Office 8.1.16 Public Buildings and Grounds 8.1.17 Territories 8.1.18 Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate 8.1.19 Printing 8.1.20 Engrossed Bills 8.1.21 Enrolled Bills 8.1.22 The Library 8.1.23 Order in the Galleries (Select) 8.2 House of Representatives 8.2.1 Accounts 8.2.2 Agriculture 8.2.3 Claims 8.2.4 Commerce 8.2.5 Confiscation of Rebel Property (Select) 8.2.6 District of Columbia 8.2.7 Elections 8.2.8 Emancipation 8.2.9 Expenditures in the State Department 8.2.10 Expenditures in the Treasury Department 8.2.11 Expenditures in the War Department 8.2.12 Expenditures in the Post Office Department 8.2.13 Expenditures in the Interior Department 8.2.14 Finance 8.2.15 Foreign Affairs 8.2.16 Indian Affairs 8.2.17 Invalid Pensions 8.2.18 Judiciary 8.2.19 Lake and River Defences 8.2.20 Manufactures 8.2.21 Mileage 8.2.22 Military Affairs 8.2.23 Military Railroad 8.2.24 Militia 8.2.25 Naval Affairs 8.2.26 Niagara Ship Canal (Select) 8.2.27 Pacific Railroad 8.2.28 Patents 8.2.29 Pensions 8.2.30 Post Offices and Post Roads 8.2.31 Printing 8.2.32 Private Land Claims 8.2.33 Public Lands 8.2.34 Public Buildings and Grounds 8.2.35 Public Expenditures 8.2.36 Revised and Unfinished Business 8.2.37 Revolutionary Claims 8.2.38 Revolutionary Pensions 8.2.39 Roads and Canals 8.2.40 State of the Union 8.2.41 Territories 8.2.42 Ways and Means 8.3 Joint committees 8.3.1 Enrolled Bills 8.3.2 Library 9 Employees 9.1 Senate 9.2 House of Representatives 10 References 11 External links // President pro tempore Solomon Foot Major events Main articles: 1861 in the United States, 1862 in the United States, and 1863 in the United States March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States April 12, 1861: American Civil War began April 13, 1861: Fort Sumter surrendered April 27, 1861: President Abraham Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus along the railroad from Philadelphia to Washington.[1] July 21, 1861: First Battle of Bull Run September 17, 1862: Battle of Antietam September 22, 1862: preliminary Emancipation Proclamation issued with 90 days' notice. Major legislation Main article: List of United States federal legislation August 5, 1861: Revenue Act of 1861, Sess. 1, ch. 45, 12 Stat. 292 August 6, 1861: Confiscation Act of 1861, Sess. 1, ch. 60, 12 Stat. 319 February 25, 1862: Legal Tender Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 33, 12 Stat. 345 April 16, 1862: Slavery in the District of Columbia abolished, Sess. 2, ch. 54, 12 Stat. 376 May 15, 1862: An Act to Establish a Department of Agriculture, Sess. 2, ch. 72, 12 Stat. 387 May 20, 1862: Homestead Act, Sess. 2, ch. 75, 12 Stat. 392 July 1, 1862: Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act, Sess. 2, ch. 126, 12 Stat. 501 July 1, 1862: Revenue Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 119, 12 Stat. 432 July 1, 1862: Pacific Railway Act, Sess. 2, ch. 120, 12 Stat. 489 July 2, 1862: Morrill Land Grant Colleges Act, Sess. 2, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503 July 17, 1862: Militia Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 201, 12 Stat. 597 February 25, 1863: National Banking Act, Sess. 3, ch 58, 12 Stat. 665 March 2, 1863: False Claims Act, Sess. 3, ch. 67, 12 Stat. 696 March 3, 1863: Enrollment Act, Sess. 3, ch. 75, 12 Stat. 731 States admitted and seceded and Territories organized States admitted December 31, 1862: West Virginia admitted, Sess. 3, ch. 6, 12 Stat. 633 (Became a state on June 20, 1863) Territories organized February 24, 1863: Arizona Territory organized, Sess. 3, ch. 56, 12 Stat. 664 March 3, 1863: Idaho Territory organized, Sess. 3, ch. 117, 12 Stat. 808 Territories extended July 14, 1862: Nevada Territory extended, Sess. 2, ch. 12, 12 Stat. 575 Secession Main article: Secession in the United States Congress did not accept secession. Most of the Representatives and Senators from states that attempted to secede left Congress; those who took part in the rebellion were expelled. Secessions declared during previous Congress: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Secessions declared during this Congress: April 17, 1861:[2] Virginia[3] (The pro-Union Restored Government of Virginia's two Senators and three Representatives were seated.) May 6, 1861: Arkansas[4] May 20, 1861: North Carolina[5] June 8, 1861: Tennessee[6][7] (Senator Andrew Johnson and three members of the House did not recognize secession and retained their seats.) Party summary The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Senate Affiliation Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) Total Democratic (D) Republican (R) Unionist (U) Other Vacant End of previous Congress 26 28 0 1 55 13 Begin 22 29 1 0 54 16 End 16 30 5 51 17 Final voting share 31.4% 58.8% 9.8% 0.0% Beginning of the next Congress 10 33 4 5 52 16 House of Representatives Affiliation Party (Shading indicates majority/pluality caucus) Total Constitutional Unionist (CU) Democratic (D) Independent Democratic (ID) Republican (R) Unionist (U) Other Vacant End of previous Congress 0 6 56 116 0 32 210 29 Begin 2 44 1 107 23 0 178 63 End 1 45 106 30 183 57 Final voting share 0.5% 24.6% 0.5% 57.9% 16.4% 0.0% Beginning of the next Congress 0 72 0 85 9 14 180 61 Leadership Senate President of the Senate Hannibal Hamlin President: Hannibal Hamlin (R) President pro tempore of the Senate: Solomon Foot (R) House of Representatives Speaker: Galusha A. Grow (R) Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district. Senate Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866. Alabama 2. Vacant 3. Vacant Arkansas 2. William K. Sebastian (D), until July 11, 1861, vacant thereafter 3. Charles B. Mitchel (D), until July 11, 1861, vacant thereafter California 1. Milton S. Latham (D) 3. James A. McDougall (D) Connecticut 3. La Fayette S. Foster (R) 1. James Dixon (R) Delaware 1. James A. Bayard, Jr. (D) 2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D) Florida 1. Vacant 3. Vacant Georgia 2. Vacant 3. Vacant Illinois 2. Stephen A. Douglas (D), until June 3, 1861 Orville H. Browning (R), June 26, 1861 – January 12, 1863 William A. Richardson (D), from January 30, 1863 3. Lyman Trumbull (R) Indiana 1. Jesse D. Bright (D), until February 5, 1862 Joseph A. Wright (U), February 24, 1862 – January 14, 1863 David Turpie (D), from January 14, 1863 3. Henry S. Lane (R) Iowa 3. James Harlan (R) 2. James W. Grimes (R) Kansas 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R), from April 4, 1861 2. James H. Lane (R), from April 4, 1861 Kentucky 2. Lazarus W. Powell (D) 3. John C. Breckinridge (D), until December 4, 1861 Garrett Davis (U), from December 23, 1861 Louisiana 2. Vacant 3. Vacant Maine 2. William P. Fessenden (R) 1. Lot M. Morrill (R) Maryland 3. James Pearce (D), until December 20, 1862 Thomas H. Hicks (U), from December 29, 1862 1. Anthony Kennedy (U) Massachusetts 1. Charles Sumner (R) 2. Henry Wilson (R) Michigan 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) 2. Kinsley S. Bingham (R), until October 5, 1861 Jacob M. Howard (R), from January 17, 1862 Minnesota 1. Henry M. Rice (D) 2. Morton S. Wilkinson (R) Mississippi 1. Vacant 2. Vacant Missouri 1. Trusten Polk (D), until January 10, 1862 John B. Henderson (U), from January 17, 1862 3. Waldo P. Johnson (D), March 17, 1861 – January 10, 1862 Robert Wilson (U), from January 17, 1862 New Hampshire 2. John P. Hale (R) 3. Daniel Clark (R) New Jersey 1. John R. Thomson (D), until September 12, 1862 Richard S. Field (R), November 21, 1862 – January 14, 1863 James W. Wall (D), from January 14, 1863 2. John C. Ten Eyck (R) New York 1. Preston King (R) 3. Ira Harris (R) North Carolina 3. Thomas L. Clingman (D), until March 28, 1861, vacant thereafter 2. Thomas Bragg (D), until March 6, 1861, vacant thereafter Ohio 1. Benjamin F. Wade (R) 3. Salmon P. Chase (R), until March 7, 1861 John Sherman (R), from March 21, 1861 Oregon 2. Edward D. Baker (R), until October 21, 1861 Benjamin Stark (D), October 29, 1861 – September 12, 1862 Benjamin F. Harding (D), from September 12, 1862 3. James W. Nesmith (D) Pennsylvania 1. Simon Cameron (R), until March 4, 1861 David Wilmot (R), from March 14, 1861 3. Edgar Cowan (R) Rhode Island 1. James F. Simmons (R), until August 15, 1862 Samuel G. Arnold (R), from December 1, 1862 2. Henry B. Anthony (R) South Carolina 2. Vacant 3. Vacant Tennessee 1. Andrew Johnson (D), until March 4, 1862, vacant thereafter 2. Vacant Texas 2. John Hemphill (D), until July ????, 1861, vacant thereafter 1. Louis T. Wigfall (D), until March 23, 1861, vacant thereafter Vermont 1. Solomon Foot (R) 3. Jacob Collamer (R) Virginia 1. James M. Mason (D), until March 28, 1861 Waitman T. Willey (U), from July 9, 1861 2. Robert M. T. Hunter (D), until March 28, 1861 John S. Carlile (U), from June 9, 1861 Wisconsin 1. James R. Doolittle (R) 3. Timothy O. Howe (R) House of Representatives Speaker of the House Galusha A. Grow The names of members of the House of Representatives are listed by their districts. Once source reports no Virginians in the 37th Congress[8], while another source recognizes five.[9] See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1860 Alabama 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant 6. Vacant 7. Vacant Arkansas 1. Vacant 2. Vacant California All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. At-large. Frederick F. Low (R), from June 3, 1862 At-large. Timothy G. Phelps (R) At-large. Aaron A. Sargent (R) Connecticut 1. Dwight Loomis (R) 2. James E. English (D) 3. Alfred A. Burnham (R) 4. George C. Woodruff (D) Delaware At-large. George P. Fisher (U) Florida At-large. Vacant Georgia 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant 6. Vacant 7. Vacant 8. Vacant Illinois 1. Elihu B. Washburne (R) 2. Isaac N. Arnold (R) 3. Owen Lovejoy (R) 4. William Kellogg (R) 5. William A. Richardson (D), until January 29, 1863, vacant thereafter 6. John A. McClernand (D), until October 28, 1861 Anthony L. Knapp (D), from December 12, 1861 7. James C. Robinson (D) 8. Philip B. Fouke (D) 9. John A. Logan (D), until April 2, 1862 William J. Allen (D), from June 2, 1862 Indiana 1. John Law (D) 2. James A. Cravens (D) 3. William McKee Dunn (R) 4. William S. Holman (D) 5. George W. Julian (R) 6. Albert G. Porter (R) 7. Daniel W. Voorhees (D) 8. Albert S. White (R) 9. Schuyler Colfax (R) 10. William Mitchell (R) 11. John P. C. Shanks (R) Iowa 1. Samuel Curtis (R), until August 4, 1861 James F. Wilson (R), from October 8, 1861 2. William Vandever (R) Kansas At-large. Martin F. Conway (R) Kentucky 1. Henry C. Burnett (D), until December 3, 1861 Samuel L. Casey (U), from March 10, 1862 2. James S. Jackson (U), until December 13, 1861 George H. Yeaman (U), from December 1, 1862 3. Henry Grider (U) 4. Aaron Harding (U) 5. Charles A. Wickliffe (U) 6. George W. Dunlap (U) 7. Robert Mallory (U) 8. John J. Crittenden (U) 9. William H. Wadsworth (U) 10. John W. Menzies (U) Louisiana 1. Benjamin F. Flanders (U), from December 3, 1862 2. Michael Hahn (U), from December 3, 1862 3. Vacant 4. Vacant Maine 1. John N. Goodwin (R) 2. Charles W. Walton (R), until May 26, 1862 Thomas A. D. Fessenden (R), from December 1, 1862 3. Samuel C. Fessenden (R) 4. Anson P. Morrill (R) 5. John H. Rice (R) 6. Frederick A. Pike (R) Maryland 1. John W. Crisfield (U) 2. Edwin H. Webster (U) 3. Cornelius L. L. Leary (U) 4. Henry May (U) 5. Francis Thomas (U) 6. Charles B. Calvert (U) Massachusetts 1. Thomas D. Eliot (R) 2. James Buffinton (R) 3. Charles F. Adams, Sr. (R), until May 1, 1861 Benjamin Thomas (U), from June 11, 1861 4. Alexander H. Rice (R) 5. William Appleton (CU), until September 27, 1861 Samuel Hooper (R), from December 2, 1861 6. John B. Alley (R) 7. Daniel W. Gooch (R) 8. Charles R. Train (R) 9. Goldsmith F. Bailey (R), until May 8, 1862 Amasa Walker (R), from December 1, 1862 10. Charles Delano (R) 11. Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 1. Bradley F. Granger (R) 2. Fernando C. Beaman (R) 3. Francis W. Kellogg (R) 4. Rowland E. Trowbridge (R) Minnesota 1. Cyrus Aldrich (R) 2. William Windom (R) Mississippi 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant Missouri 1. Francis P. Blair, Jr. (R), until July, 1862, vacant thereafter 2. James S. Rollins (CU) 3. John B. Clark (D), until July 13, 1861 William A. Hall (D), from January 20, 1862 4. Elijah H. Norton (D) 5. John W. Reid (D), until August 3, 1861 Thomas L. Price (D), from January 21, 1862 6. John S. Phelps (D) 7. John W. Noell (D) New Hampshire 1. Gilman Marston (R) 2. Edward H. Rollins (R) 3. Thomas M. Edwards (R) New Jersey 1. John T. Nixon (R) 2. John L. N. Stratton (R) 3. William G. Steele (D) 4. George T. Cobb (D) 5. Nehemiah Perry (D) New York 1. Edward H. Smith (D) 2. Moses F. Odell (D) 3. Benjamin Wood (D) 4. James E. Kerrigan (ID) 5. William Wall (R) 6. Frederick A. Conkling (R) 7. Elijah Ward (D) 8. Isaac C. Delaplaine (D) 9. Edward Haight (D) 10. Charles H. Van Wyck (R) 11. John B. Steele (D) 12. Stephen Baker (R) 13. Abram B. Olin (R) 14. Erastus Corning (D) 15. James B. McKean (R) 16. William A. Wheeler (R) 17. Socrates N. Sherman (R) 18. Chauncey Vibbard (D) 19. Richard Franchot (R) 20. Roscoe Conkling (R) 21. R. Holland Duell (R) 22. William E. Lansing (R) 23. Ambrose W. Clark (R) 24. Charles B. Sedgwick (R) 25. Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) 26. Jacob P. Chamberlain (R) 27. Alexander S. Diven (R) 28. Robert B. Van Valkenburg (R) 29. Alfred Ely (R) 30. Augustus Frank (R) 31. Burt Van Horn (R) 32. Elbridge G. Spaulding (R) 33. Reuben E. Fenton (R) North Carolina 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant 6. Vacant 7. Vacant 8. Vacant Ohio 1. George H. Pendleton (D) 2. John A. Gurley (R) 3. Clement Vallandigham (D) 4. William Allen (D) 5. James M. Ashley (R) 6. Chilton A. White (D) 7. Thomas Corwin (R), until March 12, 1861 Richard A. Harrison (U), from July 4, 1861 8. Samuel Shellabarger (R) 9. Warren P. Noble (D) 10. Carey A. Trimble (R) 11. Valentine B. Horton (R) 12. Samuel S. Cox (D) 13. John Sherman (R), until March 21, 1861 Samuel T. Worcester (R), from July 4, 1861 14. Harrison G. O. Blake (R) 15. Robert H. Nugen (D) 16. William P. Cutler (R) 17. James R. Morris (D) 18. Sidney Edgerton (R) 19. Albert G. Riddle (R) 20. John Hutchins (R) 21. John Bingham (R) Oregon At-large. Andrew J. Thayer (D), until July 30, 1861 George K. Shiel (D), from July 30, 1861 Pennsylvania 1. William E. Lehman (D) 2. Edward Joy Morris (R), until June 8, 1861 Charles J. Biddle (D), from July 2, 1861 3. John P. Verree (R) 4. William D. Kelley (R) 5. William Morris Davis (R) 6. John Hickman (R) 7. Thomas B. Cooper (D), until April 4, 1862 John D. Stiles (D), from June 3, 1862 8. Sydenham E. Ancona (D) 9. Thaddeus Stevens (R) 10. John W. Killinger (R) 11. James H. Campbell (R) 12. George W. Scranton (R), until March 24, 1861 Hendrick B. Wright (D), from July 4, 1861 13. Philip Johnson (D) 14. Galusha A. Grow (R) 15. James T. Hale (R) 16. Joseph Bailey (D) 17. Edward McPherson (R) 18. Samuel S. Blair (R) 19. John Covode (R) 20. Jesse Lazear (D) 21. James K. Moorhead (R) 22. Robert McKnight (R) 23. John W. Wallace (R) 24. John Patton (R) 25. Elijah Babbitt (R) Rhode Island 1. William P. Sheffield (U) 2. George H. Browne (U) South Carolina 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant 6. Vacant Tennessee 1. Vacant 2. Horace Maynard (U) 3. George W. Bridges (U), from February 25, 1863 4. Andrew J. Clements (U) 5. Vacant 6. Vacant 7. Vacant 8. Vacant 9. Vacant 10. Vacant Texas 1. Vacant 2. Vacant Vermont 1. Eliakim P. Walton (R) 2. Justin S. Morrill (R) 3. Portus Baxter (R) Virginia 1. Joseph E. Segar (U), from May 6, 1862[10] 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant 6. Vacant 7. Charles H. Upton (U), July 4, 1861 – February 27, 1862[10] Lewis McKenzie (U), from February 16, 1863 8. Vacant 9. Vacant 10. William G. Brown, Sr. (U) 11. John S. Carlile (U), until July 9, 1861[10] Jacob B. Blair (U), from December 2, 1861 12. Kellian Whaley (U) 13. Vacant Wisconsin 1. John F. Potter (R) 2. Luther Hanchett (R), until November 24, 1862 Walter D. McIndoe (R), from January 26, 1863 3. A. Scott Sloan (R) Non-voting members Colorado Territory. Hiram P. Bennet (R), from August 19, 1861 Dakota Territory. John B. S. Todd (D) Nebraska Territory. Samuel G. Daily (R) Nevada Territory. John Cradlebaugh, from December 2, 1861 New Mexico Territory. John S. Watts (R) Utah Territory. John M. Bernhisel (I) Washington Territory. William H. Wallace (R) Changes in membership The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Senate State (class) Vacator Reason for Vacancy Successor Date of successor's taking office Missouri (3) Vacant Did not take seat until after Congress commenced Waldo P. Johnson (D) March 17, 1861 Kansas (2) Vacant Election not recognized by US Senate James H. Lane (R) April 4, 1861 Kansas (3) Vacant Election not recognized by US Senate Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) April 4, 1861 Pennsylvania (1) Simon Cameron (R) Resigned March 4, 1861 to become Secretary of War. Successor was elected. David Wilmot (R) March 14, 1861 North Carolina (2) Thomas Bragg (D) Withdrew[11] March 6, 1861; expelled later in 1861. Vacant thereafter Ohio (3) Salmon P. Chase (R) Resigned March 7, 1861 to become Secretary of the Treasury. Successor was elected. John Sherman (R) March 21, 1861 Texas (1) Louis T. Wigfall (D) Withdrew March 23, 1861 Vacant Vacant for remainder of term North Carolina (3) Thomas L. Clingman (D) Withdrew[11] March 28, 1861; expelled later in 1861. Vacant thereafter Virginia (2) Robert M. T. Hunter (D) Withdrew[11] March 28, 1861 and later expelled for support of the rebellion. Successor was elected. John S. Carlile (U) July 9, 1861 Virginia (1) James M. Mason (D) Expelled March 28, 1861 for supporting the rebellion. Successor was elected. Waitman T. Willey (U) July 9, 1861 Illinois (2) Stephen A. Douglas (D) Died June 3, 1861. Successor was appointed. Orville H. Browning (R) June 26, 1861 Texas (2) John Hemphill (D) Expelled July ????, 1861 Vacant Vacant for remainder of term Illinois (2) Orville H. Browning (R) Retired January 12, 1863 upon election of a successor. William A. Richardson (D) January 30, 1863 Arkansas (2) William K. Sebastian (D) Expelled July 11, 1861 Vacant thereafter Arkansas (3) Charles B. Mitchel (D) Michigan (2) Kinsley S. Bingham (R) Died October 5, 1861. Successor was elected. Jacob M. Howard (R) January 17, 1862 Oregon (2) Edward D. Baker (R) Killed at Battle of Ball's Bluff October 21, 1861. Successor was appointed. Benjamin Stark (D) October 29, 1861 Kentucky (3) John C. Breckinridge (D) Expelled December 4, 1861 for supporting the rebellion. Successor was elected. Garrett Davis (U) December 23, 1861 Missouri (1) Trusten Polk (D) Expelled January 10, 1862 for supporting the rebellion. Successor was appointed. John B. Henderson (U) January 17, 1862 Missouri (3) Waldo P. Johnson (D) Expelled January 10, 1862 for disloyalty to the government. Successor was appointed. Robert Wilson (U) January 17, 1862 Indiana (1) Jesse D. Bright (D) Expelled February 5, 1862 on charges of disloyalty. Successor was appointed. Joseph A. Wright (U) February 24, 1862 Tennessee (1) Andrew Johnson (D) Resigned March 4, 1862 Vacant thereafter Rhode Island (1) James F. Simmons (R) Resigned August 15, 1862. Successor was elected. Samuel G. Arnold (R) December 1, 1862 New Jersey (1) John R. Thomson (D) Died September 12, 1862. Successor was appointed. Richard S. Field (R) November 21, 1862 Oregon (2) Benjamin Stark (D) Retired September 12, 1862 upon election of a successor. Benjamin F. Harding (D) September 12, 1862 Maryland (3) James Pearce (D) Died December 20, 1862. Successor was appointed. Thomas H. Hicks (U) December 29, 1862 Indiana (1) Joseph A. Wright (U) Retired January 14, 1863 upon election of a successor. David Turpie (D) January 14, 1863 New Jersey (1) Richard S. Field (R) Retired January 14, 1863 upon election of a successor. James W. Wall (D) January 14, 1863 House of Representatives District Vacator Reason for Vacancy Successor Date of successor's taking office Colorado Territory At-large New seat Hiram P. Bennett (Conservative R) August 19, 1861 Nevada Territory At-large New seat John Cradlebaugh December 2, 1861 Louisiana 1st Vacant Benjamin F. Flanders (U) December 3, 1862 Louisiana 2nd Vacant Michael Hahn (U) December 3, 1862 Tennessee 3rd Vacant Representative-elect George W. Bridges was arrested by Confederate troops while en route to Washington, D.C. and held prisoner before he escaped. George W. Bridges (U) February 25, 1863 Virginia 1st Vacant Joseph E. Segar (U) May 6, 1862[10] California At-large Vacant Low not permitted to take seat, qualified later under special act of Congress Frederick F. Low (R) June 3, 1862 Virginia 7th Vacant Charles H. Upton (U) July 4, 1861[10] Ohio 7th Thomas Corwin (R) Resigned March 12, 1861 to become Minister to Mexico Richard A. Harrison (U) July 4, 1861 Ohio 13th John Sherman (R) Resigned March 12, 1861 when elected U.S. Senator Samuel T. Worcester (R) July 4, 1861 Pennsylvania 12th George W. Scranton (R) Died March 24, 1861 Hendrick B. Wright (D) July 4, 1861 Massachusetts 3rd Charles F. Adams, Sr. (R) Resigned May 1, 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain Benjamin Thomas (U) June 11, 1861 Pennsylvania 2nd Edward Joy Morris (R) Resigned June 8, 1861 to become Minister Resident to Turkey Charles J. Biddle (D) July 2, 1861 Virginia 11th John S. Carlile (U) Resigned July 9, 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia Jacob B. Blair (U) December 2, 1861 Missouri 3rd John B. Clark (D) Expelled July 13, 1861 for having taken up arms against the Union William A. Hall (D) January 20, 1862 Oregon At-large Andrew J. Thayer (D) Election was successfully contested July 30, 1861 George K. Shiel (D) July 30, 1861 Missouri 5th John W. Reid (D) Withdrew August 3, 1861 and then expelled December 2, 1861 for having taken up arms against the Union Thomas L. Price (D) January 21, 1862 Iowa 1st Samuel Curtis (R) Resigned August 4, 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry James F. Wilson (R) October 8, 1861 Massachusetts 5th William Appleton (CU) Resigned September 27, 1861 due to failing health Samuel Hooper (R) December 2, 1861 Illinois 6th John A. McClernand (D) Resigned October 28, 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War Anthony L. Knapp (D) December 12, 1861 Kentucky 1st Henry C. Burnett (D) Expelled December 3, 1861 for support of secession Samuel L. Casey (U) March 10, 1862 Kentucky 2nd James S. Jackson (U) Resigned December 13, 1861 to enter the Union Army George H. Yeaman (U) December 1, 1862 Virginia 7th Charles H. Upton (U) Declared not entitled to seat February 27, 1862 Lewis McKenzie (U) February 16, 1863 Illinois 9th John A. Logan (D) Resigned April 2, 1862 to enter the Union Army William J. Allen (D) June 2, 1862 Pennsylvania 7th Thomas B. Cooper (D) Died April 4, 1862 John D. Stiles (D) June 3, 1862 Massachusetts 9th Goldsmith F. Bailey (R) Died May 8, 1862 Amasa Walker (R) December 1, 1862 Maine 2nd Charles W. Walton (R) Resigned May 26, 1862 to become associate justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court Thomas A. D. Fessenden (R) December 1, 1862 Missouri 1st Francis P. Blair, Jr. (R) Resigned July, 1862 to become colonel in Union Army Vacant Vacant for remainder of term Wisconsin 2nd Luther Hanchett (R) Died November 24, 1862 Walter D. McIndoe (R) January 26, 1863 Illinois 5th William A. Richardson (D) Resigned January 29, 1863 after being elected to US Senate Vacant Vacant for remainder of term See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives Committees Senate See also: List of United States Senate committees and List of defunct United States congressional committees Standing committees of the Senate resolved, Friday, March 8, 1861 [12] Foreign Relations Sumner (Chairman) Collamer Doolittle Harris Douglas Polk Breckinridge Finance Fessenden (Chairman) Simmons Wade Howe Hunter Pearce Bright Commerce Chandler (Chairman) King Morrill Wilson Clingman Saulsbury Johnson Military Affairs and Militia Wilson (Chairman) King Baker Lane Rice Latham Breckinridge Naval Affairs Hale (Chairman) Grimes Foot Cowan Thomson Nicholson Kennedy Judiciary Trumbull (Chairman) Foster Ten Eyck Cowan Bayard Powell Clingman Post Offices and Post Roads Collamer (Chairman) Dixon Wade Trumbull Rice Bright Latham Public Lands Harlan (Chairman) Bingham Clark Wilkinson Johnson Mitchel Bragg Private Land Claims Harris (Chairman) Ten Eyck Sumner Polk Bayard Indian Affairs Doolittle (Chairman) Baker Cowan Ten Eyck Sebastian Rice Nesmith Pensions Foster (Chairman) Bingham Lane Simmons Saulsbury Powell Mitchel Revolutionary Claims King (Chairman) Chandler Wilkinson Nicholson Nesmith Claims Clark (Chairman) Simmons Howe Cowan Bragg Polk District of Columbia Grimes (Chairman) Anthony Morrill Wade Kennedy Clingman Powell Patents and Patent Office Simmons (Chairman) Sumner Doolittle Thomson Sebastian Public Buildings and Grounds Foot (Chairman) Dixon Chandler Bright Kennedy Territories Wade (Chairman) Wilkinson Cowan Hale Douglas Sebastian Bragg Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate Dixon (Chairman) Clark Johnson Printing Anthony (Chairman) Harlan Nicholson Engrossed Bills Lane (Chairman) Morrill Mitchel Enrolled Bills Bingham (Chairman) Baker Saulsbury The Library Pearce (Chairman) Collamer Fessenden Order in the Galleries (Select) Anthony Mason Wade House of Representatives Members by committee assignments, Congressional Globe, as published July 8, 1861[13] Spellings conform to those found in the Congressional Biographical Dictionary. Unless otherwise noted, all committees listed are Standing, as found at the Library of Congress[14] See also: List of United States House of Representatives committees and List of defunct United States congressional committees Accounts James Buffinton Edward H. Rollins William E. Lehman Samuel T. Worcester George W. Dunlap Agriculture Owen Lovejoy Dwight Loomis CT Charles B. Calvert Edward H. Smith Jacob P. Chamberlain John P.C. Shanks Joseph Bailey Samuel T. Worcester Cyrus Aldrich Claims Reuben E. Fenton Eliakim Persons Walton[15] William S. Holman John Hutchins James T. Hale John W. Noell R. Holland Duell Edwin H. Webster John W. Wallace Commerce Elihu B. Washburne Thomas D. Eliot Elijah Ward John T. Nixon Elijah Babbitt John A. Gurley James S. Rollins Cornelius L. L. Leary William P. Sheffield Confiscation of Rebel Property (Select) Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 District of Columbia James M. Ashley Charles B. Calvert Richard Franchot Edward H. Rollins William Morris Davis Charles H. Upton Elections Henry L. Dawes James H. Campbell Daniel W. Voorhees James B. McKean Dwight Loomis Portus Baxter George H. Browne John W. Menzies Emancipation Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Expenditures in the State Department James B. McKean James C. Robinson John T. Nixon William Vandever Charles H. Upton Expenditures in the Treasury Department Moses F. Odell James H. Campbell John A. Bingham Alexander H. Rice William G. Steele Expenditures in the War Department William A. Wheeler Samuel R. Curtis IA Chauncey Vibbard William Mitchell James S. Rollins Expenditures in the Post Office Department John W. Killinger Charles A. Wickliffe Carey A. Trimble Francis W. Kellogg Edward H. Smith Expenditures in the Interior Department William Allen Martin F. Conway Socrates N. Sherman Samuel Shellabarger Thomas B. Cooper Finance Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Foreign Affairs Also known as Foreign Relations John J. Crittenden Daniel W. Gooch MA Samuel S. Cox OH Albert S. White Robert McKnight Alfred A. Burnham Francis Thomas Theodore M. Pomeroy George P. Fisher Indian Affairs Cyrus Aldrich Thomas M. Edwards Robert Mallory Martin F. Conway William Mitchell Moses F. Odell William E. Lansing John Patten Andrew J. Thayer Invalid Pensions Alfred Ely Socrates N. Sherman John A. Logan Richard A. Harrison William P. Cutler Kellian V. Whaley John N. Goodwin Benjamin Wood George T. Cobb Judiciary Albert G. Porter John S. Carlile Benjamin F. Thomas Henry May Alexander S. Diven Lake and River Defences Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Manufactures Listed in the Congressional Globe, but not listed in the Library of Congress summary page John Hutchins James K. Moorhead Edward Haight John B. Alley Albert G. Porter Alfred Ely Isaac N. Arnold Sydenham E. Ancona William G. Brown Mileage Listed in the Congressional Globe, but not listed in the Library of Congress summary page James C. Robinson John W. Killinger Augustus Frank Henry Grider Benjamin Wood Military Affairs Also known as Military Francis P. Blair, Jr. William A. Richardson James Buffinton Abram B. Olin William Allen Gilman Marston Hendrick B. Wright James S. Jackson Military Railroad Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Militia Also known as Military Affairs and the Militia Robert B. Van Valkenburg William M. Dunn Sydenham E. Ancona Charles Delano Charles J. Biddle Richard A. Harrison William G. Brown William P. Cutler John N. Goodwin Naval Affairs Charles B. Sedgwick Alexander H. Rice Philip B. Fouke James K. Moorhead James E. English John P. Verree Frederick A. Pike Frederick A. Conkling William H. Wadsworth Niagara Ship Canal (Select) Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Burt Van Horn, Chairman[16] Pacific Railroad Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Patents Also known as Patents and Patent Office William M. Dunn John H. Rice Stephen Baker Philip Johnson Warren P. Noble Pensions Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Post Offices and Post Roads Schuler Colfax John B. Alley Charles A. Wickliffe Anson P. Morrill William Windom Harrison G. Blake Chauncey Vibbard Rowland E. Trowbridge Elijah H. Norton Printing Also known as Joint Committee on Printing Eliakim Persons Walton[15] Ambrose W. Clark Joseph Bailey Private Land Claims John W. Noell Luther Hanchett Burt Van Horn John P. C. Shanks Charles W. Walton Samuel Shellabarger Jesse Lazear Public Lands John F. Potter John Covode Clement L. Vallandingham George W. Julian Carey A. Trimble William Vandever Francis W. Kellogg John W. Crisfield George C. Woodruff Public Buildings and Grounds Charles R. Train Owen Lovejoy Isaac C. Delaplaine Robert McKnight James R. Morris Public Expenditures John Covode Thomas M. Edwards James E. Kerrigan Charles R. Train William Windom Edwin H. Webster George W. Julian Luther Hanchett Chilton A. White Revised and Unfinished Business Listed in the Congressional Globe, but not listed in the Library of Congress summary page John A. Logan Elijah Babbitt John W. Menzies Samuel C. Fessenden Edward Haight Revolutionary Claims R. Holland Duell Sidney Edgerton Thomas B. Cooper John H. Rice William Wall Nehemiah Perry Henry Grider Albert G. Riddle Anson P. Morrill Revolutionary Pensions Charles H. Van Wyck Samuel S. Blair John S. Carlile John F. Potter William Morris Davis John B. Steele Bradley F. Granger John Law William G. Steele Roads and Canals Robert Mallory John A. Gurley James T. Hale Burt Van Horn Isaac N. Arnold Robert H. Nugen Stephen Baker Philip Johnson Fernando C. Beaman State of the Union Listed in Library of Congress summary, but not in Congressional Globe of July 22, 1861 Territories James M. Ashley Charles H. Van Wyck James A. Cravens William Kellogg Fernando C. Beaman John W. Reid A. Scott Sloan Goldsmith F. Bailey Aaron Harding Ways and Means Thaddeus Stevens Justin S. Morrill John S. Phelps Elbridge G. Spaulding William Appleton Erastus Corning Valentine B. Horton John A. McClernand John L. N. Stratton Joint committees Enrolled Bills Bradley F. Granger George T. Cobb Library Edward McPherson Augustus Frank John Law Employees Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter Senate Chaplain Phineas D. Gurley (Presbyterian) Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian), elected July 10, 1861 Secretary: Asbury Dickens[17] John W. Forney, elected July 15, 1861 William Hickey (Chief Clerk) apptd "Acting Sec'y", March 22, 1861[18] Sergeant at Arms: Dunning R. McNair George T. Brown, elected July 6, 1861 House of Representatives Chaplain of the House: Thomas H. Stockton (Methodist) Clerk: John W. Forney Emerson Etheridge, elected July 4, 1861 Doorkeeper: Ira Goodnow Messenger to the Speaker: Thaddeus Morrice Postmaster: William S. King Sergeant at Arms: Henry W. Hoffman Edward Ball, elected July 5, 1861 References ^ "The White House Historical Association, “The Great Cause of Union” search on ‘habeas corpus’". http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_classroom/classroom_9-12-warpowers-union.html.  ^ Virginia did not turn over its military to the Confederate States until June 8, 1861 and the Constitution of the Confederate States was ratified on June 19, 1861. ^ The text of Virginia's Ordinance of Secession. ^ The text of Arkansas' Ordinance of Secession. ^ The text of North Carolina's Ordinance of Secession. ^ The text of Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession. ^ The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. Tennessee voters approved the agreement on June 8, 1861. ^ Parsons, Stanley B, et.al. “United States congressional districts and data, 1843-1883”, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1986. pp.xix-xxvii ISBN 0-313-22045-X. p. xvi. Parsons does not acknowledge the seven Virginian Representatives seated in this Congress from Falls Church, Alexandria, Elizabeth (now Hampton) City and the future West Virginian Kingwood, Wheeling, Parkersburg and Ceredo as reported in the Congressional Biographical Dictionary (p.165). ^ ‘The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989’, ISBN 0-02-920170-5, p. 112. Martis recognized five Virginian districts in this Congress. in his ‘The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989’, ISBN 0-02-920170-5, p. 112 ^ a b c d e Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005), "Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress". ^ a b c Withdrawal" meant that these senators announced they were withdrawing from the Senate due to their states' decisions to secede from the Union. Their seats were later declared vacant by the Senate, but some seats were actually unfilled since the beginning of this Congress on March 4, 1861. ^ "Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1873". p. 412. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(sj05269)).  ^ "Congressional Globe". July 8, 1861. pp. 21-22. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcg&fileName=057/llcg057.db&recNum=39.  ^ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 37th Congress, Browse by Committee". http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/browse/llsb_037_comm.html.  ^ a b "The Bibliography of Vermont, Gilman, M.D.,The Free Press Association, 1897, p. 320". http://books.google.com/books?id=T1I0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA320&lpg=PA320&dq=representative+E.+P.+Walton,+new+york&source=bl&ots=1uXny38vFi&sig=LxQT2DhiG7brbozM4FinV6LKUbc&hl=en&ei=N-CdTMTMBcSclgf-68XpCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAg#.  ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=pp9GAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA514&lpg=PA514&dq=committee+on+the+Niagara+Ship+Canal&source=bl&ots=5taAcC1SIv&sig=uK3c_Eboz8ZsQbv2UPZG5EA5F6A&hl=en&ei=ffyfTISiOoH_8AbZxIDWDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CDcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=committee%20on%20the%20Niagara%20Ship%20Canal&f=false ^ "US Senate Art & History webpage, “Ashbury Dickens, Secretary of the Senate, 1836-1861”". http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/SOS_Asbury_Dickins.htm.  ^ "Congresssional Biographical Dictionary, 37th Congress, p.162, footnote fn 2". http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/bioguide-front/37.pdf.  Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.  Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.  External links Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress Biographical Directory of the United States Congress House History from the U.S. House of Representatives Statistics & Lists from the U.S. Senate Congressional Directory: Main Page, Government Printing Office Online. 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