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This article is about the English personal pronoun. For other uses, see I (disambiguation). I (pronounced /aɪ/) is the first-person, singular personal pronoun (subject case) in Modern English. It is used to refer to one's self and is usually capitalized, although other pronouns, like he or she, are not capitalized. Personal pronouns in standard Modern English Singular Plural Subject Object Reflexive Subject Object Reflexive First I me myself we us ourselves Second you you yourself you you yourselves Third Masculine he him himself they them themselves Feminine she her herself Neuter it it itself Contents 1 Etymology 1.1 Tables 2 See also 3 References 4 External links // Etymology Further information: Old English pronouns, Proto-Germanic pronouns, and Proto-Indo-European pronouns English I originates from Old English (OE) ic. This transformation from ic to i had happened by about 1137 in Northern England. Capitalisation of the word began around 1250 to clarify the single letter as constituting a full word: writers and copyists began to use a capital I because the lower-case letter was hard to read, and sometimes mistaken for part of the previous or succeeding word. This practice was already established by the introduction of movable type in the mid-15th century, and was also still considered to improve readability.[citation needed] Its predecessor ic had in turn originated from the continuation of Proto-Germanic ik, and ek; ek was attested in the Elder Futhark inscriptions (in some cases notably showing the variant eka; see also ek erilaz). Linguists assume ik to have developed from the unstressed variant of ek. Germanic cognates are: Old Frisian ik, Old Norse ek (Danish, Norwegian jeg, Swedish jag, Icelandic ég), Old High German ih (German ich) and Gothic ik. The Proto-Germanic root came, in turn, from the Proto Indo-European language (PIE). The reconstructed PIE pronoun is *egō, egóm, with cognates including Sanskrit aham, Hittite uk, Latin ego, Greek ἐγώ egō and Old Slavonic azъ. The oblique forms are formed from a stem *me- (English me), the plural from *wei- (English we), the oblique plural from *ns- (English us). Tables Old English personal pronouns Nominative IPA Accusative Dative Genitive 1st Singular iċ [ɪtʃ] me(c) me min Dual wit [wɪt] unc uncer Plural wē [weː] us ure 2nd Singular þū [θuː] þe þin Dual ġit [jɪt] inc incer Plural ġē [jeː] eow eower 3rd Singular Masculine hē [heː] hine him his Neuter hit [hɪt] hit him his Feminine hēo [heːo] hie hire hire Plural hīe [hiːə] hie him hira Personal pronouns in Middle English Singular Plural Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive First I me mi(n) we us oure Second þou/thou þee/thee þy/thy ye you your Third Impersonal hit it/him his he þey/they hem þem/them hir þeir/their Masculine he him his Feminine sche hire hir Personal pronouns in Early Modern English   Nominative Objective Genitive Possessive 1st Person singular I me my / mine[# 1] mine plural we us our ours 2nd Person singular informal thou thee thy / thine[# 1] thine plural or formal singular ye you your yours 3rd Person singular he / she / it him / her / it his / her / his (it)[# 2] his / hers / his[# 2] plural they them their theirs ^ a b The possessive forms were used as genitives before words beginning with a vowel sound and letter h (e.g. thine eyes, mine heire). Otherwise, "my" and "thy" is attributive (my/thy goods) and "mine" and "thine" are predicative (they are mine/thine). Shakespeare pokes fun at this custom with an archaic plural for eyes when the character Bottom says "mine eyen" in A Midsummer Night's Dream. ^ a b From the early Early Modern English period up until the 17th century, his was the possessive of the third person neuter it as well as of the 3rd person masculine he. Genitive "it" appears once in the 1611 King James Bible (Leviticus 25:5) as groweth of it owne accord. See also English grammar English personal pronouns Grammar Personal pronouns Pronouns Self (disambiguation) References Gaynesford, M. de (2006), I: The Meaning of the First Person Term, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199287821 . External links Look up I, me, mine, or my in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Video: Saul Kripke, The First Person, January 2006 — an analytic philosophical perspective. 70 minutes, hosted by Google video. [Kripke is sick with bronchitis and doesn't always speak into the microphone.] v • d • e Modern English personal pronouns I · he · she · it · one · we · you · y'all · they See also Modern English and Personal pronouns v • d • e Middle English personal pronouns I · thou · hit · he · sche · we · ye · they See also Middle English and Personal pronouns