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RoboCupJunior is closely related to the RoboCup autonomous robotic soccer competition. The programming and engineering-influenced competition introduces the aims and goals of the RoboCup project to the primary and secondary school aged level (typically persons under 18 years of age).[1] Those involved create and build robots in a variety of different challenges, and compete against other teams. The project is run by volunteers on an international level, nationally within many different countries around the world and even locally amongst schools in the same city/region.[citation needed] Contents 1 History 2 International competitions 3 Comments from notary persons 4 Soccer challenge 5 Rescue challenge 6 Premier Rescue challenge 7 Dance challenge 8 Techniques 9 Robot platforms 10 References 11 See also 12 External links // History RoboCup Junior started back in 1998 with a demonstration held at the RoboCup international competition held in Paris, France.[2] In 1999, an interactive workshop was held at the RoboCup international competition in Stockholm, Sweden. The following year in 2000, the first international RoboCup Junior competition was held in Melbourne, Australia. International competitions Each year, an international competition is run around the same time, and at the same location, as the RoboCup competition. The location changes each year, and in the past has seen events held at: 2000 - Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (first year of competition)[3] 2001 - Seattle, Washington, United States of America[4] 2002 - Fukuoka, Japan[5] 2003 - Padova, Italy[6] 2004 - Lisbon, Portugal[7] 2005 - Osaka, Japan[8] 2006 - Bremen, Germany[9] 2007 - Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America[10] 2008 - Suzhou, China.[11] 2009 - Graz, Austria.[12] 2010 - Singapore.[13] Besides the international competition there are national and regional competitions around the world. Often teams have to qualify at their local competition to be admitted to the world championship. In Germany teams start on one of three qualification tournaments with over 300 teams. They advance to the RoboCup German Open and only a handful teams make it to the international level. Large national competitions are also annually held in Iran and Australia. Comments from notary persons The previous prime minister of Australia, John Howard, was impressed in 2001 when he visited students competing in a RoboCup Junior Australia competition, congratulating both teachers and students for their accomplishments.[14] Queen Elizabeth II was also impressed in 2002 on a trip to Australia, pointing out the complexity of what students were accomplishing.[15] Soccer challenge This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2007) This section's factual accuracy may be compromised because of out-of-date information. Please help improve the article by updating it. There may be additional information on the talk page. (September 2010) Two teams each place two autonomous robots (which they have designed and created) on a playing field. The aim of the game is for each team of robots to play a fully autonomous game of soccer. The ball is a plastic sphere containing infrared light-emitting diodes. Robots detect infrared emissions and use this as well as other sensors to move the ball around the field in attempt to score goals. The field is 1.8 metres in length, and has a greyscale pattern on the surface of the field. Robots can use this pattern to determine where they are located on the field, and to determine which direction they are facing. In recent times, some robots have used more sophisticated methods such as sonar and electronic compasses. Robots can be sized up to 220 millimetres in diameter, and can be up to 220 millimetres in height. That means that the robot must can be put in a 220 millimetres diameter cylinder. Also the robot must not excess of 2.5 kg. There is a set of rules for robot design that is updated each year, but generally it is not overly restrictive. This has been shown over the years RoboCup Junior has been running by the many creative and innovative robot designs produced. Lego Mindstorms provides primary and secondary school aged participants of RoboCup Junior an easy and intuitive introduction to robotics. It also allows advanced participants an opportunity to modify the Lego Mindstorms platform, adding their own sensors and actuators, as well as other mechanical, electrical, electronic and software related systems. When RoboCup Junior was first formed, almost all teams used Lego Mindstorms construction kits to build their robots. In more recent years of the competition, a small proportion of teams have been using more advanced technology and designs in their robots. Custom printed circuit boards, microchips, actuator devices, multiple programming languages and other electronic, electrical, mechanical and software systems have all featured in new robot designs. For example, almost all teams from Japan use the Elekit Japan ROBO 915 and some teams in China and Hong Kong use JoinMax and Grandar, while German teams use components from qfix. The champions of 2006 World Championship, Macau and Iran, use their homemade robot with advanced robot system such as the "ball-trapping system" and the "shooting system". Such technologies are often associated with university aged students undertaking engineering degrees, due to their complexity and specialist nature but some of them are invented by the students themselves. Ultimately Espadana from Iran and Blessed Soccers from Germany won the 1 on 1 secondary and 2 on 2 secondary disciplines respectively. In the next year, in RoboCupJunior 2007 Atlanta-USA, while only two members of the Iranian team were allowed to enter the United States (The USA embassy situated in United Arabian Emirates refused to issue visa for the other members), Espadana lost in the 2 on 2 discipline. A new version of the Soccer challenge was demonstrated in 2008 at the Suzhou RoboCup 2008 games, called Gen II, specialising in making the robots more intelligent and less crude in their methods of finding and using the ball - for example, the side walls are removed from the pitch so that a robot which only uses high power and random direction now has a chance of falling off, potentially causing damage. Also, as in the four-legged league in the senior RoboCup, colors are being used more; the grayscale is removed and replaced with more vivid colors which can be used with certain other sensors, for example cameras. Rescue challenge The aim of this challenge is for teams to design a robot which can navigate a playing field to rescue an object in the middle. The team is unaware of the layout of the field, and the robot must therefore autonomously follow a line on the playing field to find the object. Once the object is found, the robot picks up the object and takes it back to safety. This whole process is timed, and the team which can complete the task in the least amount of time is announced the winner. In some RoboCupJunior competitions particularly in Australia the layout of the playing field is known to the competitors before the competition begins. Also in the Australian competition, players are not required to take the object back the way it navigated but simply push it out of a marked area. The competition is increasing in difficulty in 2009 - more line breaks are introduced, as well as the lack of the black line used to follow and navigate the robot in the top room. Premier Rescue challenge Premier Rescue is practiced in the Australian RoboCupJunior competition. It is very similar to the Australian Rescue challenge except for some minor additions. The teams must capture the object within the marked area and place it on a platform. This is more difficult than the regular Rescue challenge because the participants must construct a device to secure the object and lift it onto the platform. Dance challenge A team creates both a robot and a dance composition. The aim of the competition is to create a two minute dance performance choreographed to music; with particular attention going to construction and programming. Team members can join in to dance alongside the robot. A panel of judges decides the winner based on a number of different criteria. The dance competition is most popular amongst younger students, mostly of primary school ages. The robots range in size from 10 cm tall to 2/3 meters tall with intricate mechanical details. Techniques With Rescue and Premier Rescue challenges a myriad of sensors are used to complete the challenge. These include the basic sensors: light sensors, touch sensors and more complex sensors such as sonar sensors which commonly are home made. Soccer bots commonly use light sensors and touch sensors to detect the special soccer ball used and other robots. A special sensor called a "flyeye" sensor which gives a more comprehensive view of the soccer field is commonly used. More rarely a compass sensor can be used to give the robot an idea if it is facing the correct way so it lessens the risk of scoring own goals. However it has been known for people to stand near the field with a magnet to disrupt the competitors.[citation needed] Robot platforms The physical robot platforms for the competitions are built by the students themselves or existing robot kits, like Lego Mindstorms, Fischertechnik or qfix are used. The robots mostly consist of a differential drive or an omni drive platform, a controller board and several sensors. RoboCup Junior is different from the First LEGO League by the fact that you are not limited to LEGO Mindstorms in RoboCup Junior. Besides, the FLL fields and locations of objects, if any, are 100% predefined. In RoboRescue, many elements are unknown at the actual competition, such as locations of the victims (marked by different colored paper), the actual color of the victims, the locations and length of gaps, walls vs. no walls, etc. The goal is to ensure participants' program is robust (or intelligent) enough to conduct safely by analyzing the various situations in a 100% autonomous mode. That means the robots must equip with appropriate sensors to add in self-awareness in order to handle the unknown situations. With First LEGO League, the field usually does not provide enough information for kids to use sensors control. Most of time require mainly dead-reckoning, accurate amount of rotations. Thus, the robustness of the machine itself (the drive train and gear system) has to be accurately built in order to allow consistent rotation and movements. Another major aspect in the difference between FLL and RoboRescue is that it also requires research work on the particular topic, while RoboRescue does not. References ^ "RoboCup Junior Official Site". RoboCup Junior Committee. http://rcj.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/about.html. Retrieved 2008-12-15.  ^ "RoboCup Junior 2001 Promotional Flier". RoboCup Junior 2001 Committee. http://www.demo.cs.brandeis.edu/rcj2001/rcj-outside.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCup Junior 2000 Official Website". RoboCup Junior 2000 Committee. http://www.demo.cs.brandeis.edu/rcj2001/rcj2k.html. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCupJunior 2001 Official Website". RoboCup Junior 2001 Committee. http://helen.cs-i.brandeis.edu/rcj2001/. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCup Junior 2002 Official Website". RoboCupJunior 2002 Committee. http://web.archive.org/web/20051109035506/http://satchmo.cs.columbia.edu/rcj/rcj2002/. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCup Junior 2003 Official Website". RoboCup Junior 2003 Committee. http://web.archive.org/web/20051109035304/http://satchmo.cs.columbia.edu/rcj/rcj2003/. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCupJunior 2004 Official Website". RoboCup Junior 2004 Committee. http://www.robocup2004.pt/robocupJunior. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCup Junior 2005 Official Website". RoboCup Junior 2005 Committee. http://www.robocup2005.org/robojunior/default.aspx. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCup Junior 2006 Official Website". RoboCupJunior 2006 Committee. http://www.robocup2006.org/sixcms/detail.php?id=54&lang=en. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCup Junior 2007 Official Website". RoboCup Junior 2007 Committee. http://www.robocup-us.org/. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "RoboCup World Championship Games". The RoboCup Federation. http://www.robocup.org/games/31.html. Retrieved 2007-04-22. [dead link] ^ "RoboCup 2009". TU Graz. http://www.robocup2009.org. Retrieved 2009-06-19.  ^ "RoboCup 2010". The RoboCup Federation. http://www.robocup2010.org. Retrieved 2010-06-19.  ^ "RoboCupJunior Australia impresses Australian Prime Minister". The RoboCup Federation. 2001-03-30. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20070312003257/http://www.robocup.org/news/1010330.html. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  ^ "Queen Elizabeth II saw RoboCupJunior in Australia". The RoboCup Federation. 2002-02-??. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20070312003340/http://www.robocup.org/news/1020feb.html. Retrieved 2007-04-22.  See also List of robotics competitions RoboCup Robot External links RoboCup Junior Saudi Arabia RoboCup Junior Hong Kong RoboCup Junior Australia RoboCup Junior International RoboCup Junior New Zealand RoboCup Junior Germany RoboCup Junior Netherlands RoboCup Junior Belgium RoboCup Junior Austria Mindsensors.com NXTCam-V2 Dynamic Equilibrium, Australian Champions 2005 RedGoesFaster, Australian Runner-ups 2006 The Socks, NSW State Champions 2006 KYC RoboClub, Representive of Hong Kong 2006 & 2008 ,Hong Kong Champions 2008 RoboCup Junior Norway qfix homepage