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Stan Kenton Background information Birth name Stanley Newcomb Kenton Born December 15, 1911(1911-12-15) Origin Wichita, Kansas, United States Died August 25, 1979 (aged 67) Genres Jazz, West Coast jazz, swing music Occupations Bandleader, pianist, composer, arranger Instruments Piano Years active 1930s-1970s Labels Capitol, Decca, Creative World Associated acts Maynard Ferguson, Zoot Sims, Anita O'Day, June Christy, Chris Connor, Art Pepper, Pete Rugolo, Eddie Safranski Stanley Newcomb Kenton (December 15, 1911 – August 25, 1979)[1] was a pianist, composer, and arranger who led a highly innovative, influential, and often controversial American jazz orchestra. In later years he was widely active as an educator. Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Later years 4 Criticism 5 Legacy 6 Noted band personnel 7 Discography 7.1 Studio albums 7.2 Live albums 7.3 Compilations 8 References 9 External links // Early life Stan Kenton was born in Wichita, Kansas, and raised first in Colorado, then in California. He learned piano as a child, and while still a teenager toured with various bands. He attended Bell High School, in Bell, California, where he graduated in 1930. In June 1941 he formed his own band, which developed into one of the best-known West Coast ensembles of the 1940s. In the mid-1940s, Kenton's band and style became known as "The Wall of Sound", a tag later used by Phil Spector.[1] Career Kenton played in the 1930s in the dance bands of Vido Musso and Gus Arnheim, but his natural inclination was as a band leader. In 1941 he formed his first orchestra, which later was named after his theme song "Artistry in Rhythm". A competent pianist, influenced by Earl Hines, Kenton was much more important in the early days as an arranger and inspiration for his loyal sidemen. Although there were no major names in his first band (bassist Howard Rumsey and trumpeter Chico Alvarez come the closest), Kenton spent the summer of 1941 playing regularly before a very appreciative audience at the Rendezvous Ballroom in Balboa Beach, CA. Influenced by Jimmie Lunceford (who, like Kenton, enjoyed high-note trumpeters and thick-toned tenors), the Stan Kenton Orchestra struggled a bit after its initial success. Its Decca recordings were not big sellers and a stint as Bob Hope's backup radio band was an unhappy experience; Les Brown permanently took Kenton's place.[1] By late 1943 with a Capitol Records contract, a popular record in "Eager Beaver", and growing recognition, the Stan Kenton Orchestra was gradually catching on. Its soloists during the war years included Art Pepper, briefly Stan Getz, altoist Boots Mussulli, and singer Anita O'Day. By 1945 the band had evolved quite a bit. Pete Rugolo became the chief arranger (extending Kenton's ideas), Bob Cooper and Vido Musso offered very different tenor styles, and June Christy was Kenton's new singer; her hits (including "Tampico" and "Across the Alley From the Alamo") made it possible for Kenton to finance his more ambitious projects. A popular recording of "Laura" was made, the theme song from the film Laura (starring actress Gene Tierney), and featured the voices of the band.[1] Calling his music "progressive jazz," Kenton sought to lead a concert orchestra as opposed to a dance band at a time when most big bands were starting to break up. By 1947 Kai Winding was greatly influencing the sound of Kenton's trombonists, the trumpet section included such screamers as Buddy Childers, Ray Wetzel, and Al Porcino, Jack Costanzo's bongos were bringing Latin rhythms into Kenton's sound, and a riotous version of "The Peanut Vendor" contrasted with the somber "Elegy for Alto". Kenton had succeeded in forming a radical and very original band that gained its own audience.[1] In 1949 Kenton took a year off. In 1950 he put together his most advanced band, the 39-piece Innovations in Modern Music Orchestra that included 16 strings, a woodwind section, and two French horns. Its music ranged from the unique and very dense modern classical charts of Bob Graettinger to works that somehow swung despite the weight. Such major players as Maynard Ferguson (whose high-note acrobatics set new standards), Shorty Rogers, Milt Bernhart, John Graas, Art Pepper, Bud Shank, Bob Cooper, Laurindo Almeida, Shelly Manne, and June Christy were part of this remarkable project, but from a commercial standpoint, it was really impossible. Kenton managed two tours during 1950-1951 but soon reverted to his usual 19-piece lineup.[1] Then quite unexpectedly, Kenton went through a swinging period. The charts of such arrangers as Shorty Rogers, Gene Roland, Gerry Mulligan, Lennie Niehaus, Marty Paich, Johnny Richards, and particularly Bill Holman and Bill Russo began to dominate the repertoire. Such talented players (in addition to the ones already named) as Lee Konitz, Conte Candoli, Sal Salvador, Stan Levey, Frank Rosolino, Richie Kamuca, Zoot Sims, Sam Noto, Bill Perkins, Charlie Mariano, Mel Lewis, Pete Candoli, Lucky Thompson, Carl Fontana, Pepper Adams, and Jack Sheldon made strong contributions. The music was never predictable and could get quite bombastic, but it managed to swing while still keeping the Kenton sound.[1] Later years Stan Kenton in Munich, September 25, 1973 Kenton's last successful experiment was his mellophonium band of 1960-1963. Despite the difficulties in keeping the four mellophoniums (which formed their own separate section) in tune, this particular Kenton orchestra had its exciting moments; the albums "Adventures in Jazz" and "West Side Story" (arrangements by Johnny Richards) each won Grammy awards in 1962 and 1963. However from 1963 on, the flavor of the Kenton big band began to change. Rather than using talented soloists, Kenton emphasized relatively inexpensive youth at the cost of originality. While the arrangements (including those of Hank Levy) continued to be quite challenging, after Gabe Baltazar's "graduation" in 1965, there were few new important Kenton alumni (other than Peter Erskine and Dick Shearer). For many of the young players, touring with Kenton would be the high point of their careers rather than just an important early step. Kenton Plays Wagner (1964) was an important project, but by then Kenton was expending much energy on jazz education and by encouraging big band music in high schools and colleges, by instructing what he called "progressive jazz." In the early 1970s Kenton split from his long-time association with Capitol Records and formed his own label, "The Creative World of Stan Kenton". Recordings produced during the 1970s on this new label included several "live" concerts at various universities and are a testament to his devotion to education. In addition, Kenton made his charts available to college and high-school stage bands. Jack Sandmeier, Road Manager during these years, tells the story of an unusual meeting in a hotel lobby between Woody Herman and Kenton. Unusual because they both toured more than fifty (50) weeks a year "one-nighters," in order to keep their respective bands on the road, they hardly ever met. In discussing a chronically late band member, Herman said to Kenton..."Fire his ass, there's thousands of them and only two of us." [2] He had a skull fracture from a fall in 1977 while on tour in Reading, PA. He entered Midway Hospital on August 17, 1979 after a stroke and later died.[3] Criticism In 1956, when the band returned from its European trip, the Critics Poll in Down Beat reflected victories by African-American musicians in virtually every category. The Kenton band was playing in Ontario, Canada, at the time, and Kenton dispatched a telegram which lamented "a new minority, white jazz musicians," and stated his "disgust [with the so-called] literary geniuses of jazz." Jazz critic Leonard Feather, alone of all the critics, responded in the October 3, 1956, issue with an open letter which questioned Kenton's racial views. Feather implied that Kenton's failure to win the Critics Poll was probably the real reason for the complaint, and wondered if racial prejudice was involved; however, accusations of prejudice, and particularly that Kenton had not hired enough African-American musicians over the years, have been proven patently false. Many writers have heaped scorn on Feather over the years for his out-of-the-box statements. Fellow DownBeat critic Ralph J. Gleason wrote that Feather's verdict was passed on Kenton "...without, unfortunately, any real forethought or public statement from the only musicians really in a position to know.”[4] Jazz writer Jack McKinney points out that the night Kenton wrote the telegram, there were two African-Americans trombonists touring with him.[5] Previous to Feather's letter, in the December 16, 1953, issue of Down Beat, critic Nat Hentoff had written that ". . . Stan is as free from prejudice of any kind as any man I know." Feather's allegation of prejudice ignored Kenton's well-known close friendships with Duke Ellington and Count Basie.[6] In July to September, 1955, the year before Feather's letter, Kenton hosted the CBS summer replacement, Music 55, for which he invited Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Lena Horne, Louis Jordan, Cab Calloway, and many other African-American artists to participate.[7] He toured with the Basie and his Orchestra in Fall, 1960, and released an album with the Nat King Cole Trio in 1962. McKinney wrote further, in 1965, that "All points [of the Feather letter] except the last were based on conjecture, and events preceding and following Feather's complaint have shown how ridiculous they were." He further pointed out that many budding African-American jazz musicians, such as Art Tatum and Charlie Parker, were given more exposure on Kenton-sponsored tours than elsewhere.[5] One Kenton band member, trumpeter Donald Byrd, in discussing Kenton's hands-on college and university music program, said, "My experience with the Stan Kenton clinic at the National Band Camp has left me in complete ecstasy ... The camp was interracial, both in the teaching faculty and the student body..."[5] Feather himself realized his error, and in August, 1960, apologized for the letter he then claimed was a "result of sorrow."[4] Kenton later lamented of Feather's apology, "I think it was on the back page of the Pittsburg Inquirer."[5] Kenton reportedly felt that Feather had created a great ill feeling toward him by African-American musicians, and no matter how apologetic Feather would be, much of that "prejudice-in-reverse" would remain. Legacy Kenton was a salient figure on the American musical scene and made an indelible mark on the arranged type of big band jazz. Kenton's music evolved with the times throughout the 1960s and 70s, and although he was no longer considered a contemporary innovator, he promoted jazz and jazz improvisation through his service as an educator. The "Kenton Style" continues to permeate big bands at the high school and collegiate level, and the framework he designed for the "jazz clinic" is still widely in use today. His music has experienced a resurgence in interest, with later critical "rediscovery" of his music and many reissues of his recordings. An alumni band tours to this day, led by lead trumpeter Mike Vax, which performs not only classic Kenton arrangements, but also new music written and performed in the Kenton style. Kenton donated his entire library to the music department of North Texas State University (now the University of North Texas), and the Stan Kenton Jazz Recital Hall is named in his honor. His arrangements are now published by Sierra Music Publications. Kenton continued leading and touring with his big band up to his final performance in August, 1978. He suffered a stroke in August, 1979. Kenton did not recover and died on August 25, 1979. He was interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, Los Angeles. Noted band personnel Instrumentalists Sam Aleccia Laurindo Almeida Alfred "Chico" Alvarez Jim Amlotte Buddy Arnold Don Bagley Gabe Baltazar Michael Bard Dave Barduhn Gary Barone Dee Barton Tim Bell Milt Bernhart Bud Brisbois Ray Brown Bob Burgess Tony Campise Frank Capp Conte Candoli Pete Candoli Fred Carter Billy Catalano Bill Chase Buddy Childers Bob Cooper Jack Costanzo Vinnie Dean Don Dennis Sam Donahue Peter Erskine Maynard Ferguson Mary Fettig Bob Fitzpatrick Carl Fontana Stan Getz Bob Gioga John Graas John Harner Dennis Hayslett Skeets Herfurt Bill Holman Marv "Doc" Holladay Clay Jenkins Richie Kamuca Red Kelly Jimmy Knepper Lee Konitz Jack Lake Kent Larsen Skip Layton Archie LeCoque Stan Levey Mel Lewis Willie Maiden Shelly Manne Charlie Mariano Al Mattaliano Jerry McKenzie Dick Meldonian Vido Musso Boots Mussulli Lennie Niehaus Dennis Noday Sam Noto Lloyd Otto John Park Kim Park Art Pepper Bill Perkins Al Porcino Doug Purviance Ray Reed Clyde Reisinger George Roberts Gene Roland Frank Rosolino Shorty Rogers Ernie Royal Howard Rumsey Bill Russo Eddie Safranski Sal Salvador Carl Saunders Jay Saunders Dave Schildkraut Bud Shank Dick Shearer Jack Sheldon Kenny Shroyer Gene Siegel Zoot Sims Dalton Smith Ed Soph Lloyd Spoon Marvin Stamm Ray Starling Bill Trujillo Jeff Uusitalo David van Kriedt Bart Varsalona Mike Vax John Von Ohlen Ray Wetzel Rick Whethersby Jiggs Whigham Stu Williamson Kai Winding Composers and arrangers Manny Albam Joe Coccia Bob Curnow Dennis Farnon Bob Graettinger Ken Hanna Neal Hefti Hank Levy Franklyn Marks Bill Mathieu Gerry Mulligan Chico O'Farrill Marty Paich Johnny Richards Pete Rugolo Vocalists Anita O'Day June Christy Chris Connor Discography This section requires expansion. Studio albums Stan Kenton And His Orchestra - McGregor #LP201 (1941) The Formative Years - Decca #589 489-2 (1941-1942) Stan Kenton Encores - Capitol #155 (various early years) Stan Kenton's Artistry In Rhythm - Capitol #167 ('45-'48) Opus In Pastels - Jazz Roots (1945-1952) A Presentation Of Progressive Jazz - Capitol #T172 (1947) Innovations In Modern Music - Capitol #189 (1-30-1950) Stan Kenton's Milesones - Capitol #T190 (thru 1950) Stan Kenton Presents - Capitol #248 (1950) City Of Glass - Capitol #H353 (1951) Stan Kenton Classics - Capitol #358 (various years) New Concepts of Artistry in Rhythm - Capitol 383 (1952) Stan Kenton's Greatest Hits (orig.recordings) - Capitol #398 (1943-1951) Sketches On Standards- Capitol #426 (1953) Portraits On Standards - Capitol #462 (1953) Kenton Showcase: The Music of Bill Holman And Bill Russo - Capitol #W524 (1954) The Kenton Era - Capitol #WDX569 (1940-1953) Duet (June Christy) - Capitol #656 (1955) Contemporary Concepts - Capitol #666 (1955) Kenton In HI-FI - Capitol #724 (1956) Cuban Fire! - Capitol #731 (1956) City Of Glass And This Modern World - Capitol #736 (various years) With Voices - Capitol #810 (1957) Rendezvous With Kenton - Capitol #932 (1957) Back To Balboa - Capitol #995 (1958) The Ballad Style Of Stan Kenton - Capitol #1068 (1958) Lush Interlude - Capitol #1130 (1958) The Stage Door Swings - Capitol #1166 (1958) The Kenton Touch - Capitol #1276 (1958) Viva Kenton - Capitol #1305 (1959) Standards In Silhouette - Capitol #1394 (1959) Too Much (with Ann Richards) - Capitol #1495 (1960) Sophisticated Approach - Capitol #1674 (1961) The Romantic Approach - Capitol #1533 (1961) A Merry Christmas - Capitol #1621 (1961) West Side Story - Capitol #1609 (1961) Adventures In Blues - Capitol #1985 (1961) Adventures In Jazz - Capitol #1796 (1961) Adventures In Standards - (1961) Stan Kenton Plays 18 Original Big-Band Recordings - Hindsight #HCD=407 Mellophonium Magic - Status #CD103 (1962) Mellophonium Moods - Status #STCD106 (1962) Adventures In Time - Capitol #1844 (1962) Stan Kenton - Tex Ritter - Capitol #1757 (1962) Artistry In Bossa Nova - Capitol #1931 (1963) Kenton/Turner - Capitol #2051 (1963) Artistry In Voices And Brass - Capitol #2132 (1963) Kenton/Wagner - Capitol #2217 (1964) Stan Kenton Conducts The Los Angeles Neophonic Orchestra - Capitol #2424 (1965-1966) Stan Kenton Plays For Today - Capitol #2655 (1966-1967) The World We Know - Capitol #2810 The Jazz Compositions Of Dee Barton - Capitol #2932 (1967) Hair - Capitol #ST305 (1968) Finian's Rainbow - Capitol #2971 (1968) Today: Recorded Live In London - London #B944179-80 (1972) National Anthems Of The World - Creative World #1060 Birthday In Britain - Creative World #1065 (1973) 7.5 On The Richter Scale - Creative World #1070 (1973) Kenton Plays Chicago - Creative World #1072 (1974) Fire, Fury and Fun - Creative World #1073 (1974) Kenton '76 - Creative World #1076 (1976) Journey Into Capricorn - Creative World #1077 (1976) Some Women I've Known - Creative World #1029 Stan Kenton Without His Orchestra (solo) - Creative World #1071 Street Of Dreams - Creative World #1079 Live albums Stan Kenton Stompin' At Newport - Pablo #PACD-5312-2 (1957) Road Show, Stan Kenton, June Christy, The Four Freshmen - Capitol #TBO1327 (1959) Kenton Live From The Las Vegas Tropicana - Capitol #1460 (1959) Stan Kenton at Ukiah - Status #STCD109 (1959) Stan Kenton In New Jersey - Status #USCD104 (1959) Live at Redlands University (1970) Live at Brigham Young (1971) Stan Kenton Today - Live In London - London/Creative World #BP 44179-80 (1972) Live at Butler University (1973) Live in Europe (1976) Compilations The Kenton Era - Capitol #WDX569 (1940-1953) Stan Kenton On AFRS - Status DSTS1019 (1944-1945) One Night Stand - Magic #DAWE66 (1961-1962) The Complete Capitol Recordings Of The Holman And Russo Charts (Mosaic) The Complete Capitol Recordings (Mosaic) The Peanut Vendor References ^ a b c d e f g allmusic Biography ^ Interview with Jack Sandmeier, June 7, 2009 ^ "Stan Kenton, Band Leader, Dies; Was Center of Jazz Controversies". New York Times. August 27, 1979. http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0219.html. Retrieved 2009-02-19. "Stan Kenton, the band leader, died Saturday night in a Hollywood hospital. He was 67 years old. Mr. Kenton entered Midway Hospital on Aug. 17 after a stroke. His manager, Audrey Coke, said Mr. Kenton had never fully recovered from a skull fracture he suffered in a fall two years ago."  ^ a b http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=8330 ^ a b c d http://www.jazzprofessional.com/interviews/kenton%20story.htm ^ Arganian, Lillian (1989) Stan Kenton: The Man and His Music. Artistry Press. ISBN 978-0962111600 ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047759 External links Bell High School Alumni Page for Stan Kenton Article on Stan Kenton's Mellophonium Band An Interview with Jo Lea Starling, wife of Ray Starling An Interview with Tony Scodwell, Stan Kenton Mellophoniumist Stan Kenton Catalogue at North Texas State University Stan Kenton's music published by Sierra Music Publications Persondata Name Kenton, Stan Alternative names Short description Date of birth December 15, 1911 Place of birth Date of death August 25, 1979 Place of death